The diversity in Arabic dialects: Origins and variations
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to explore the diverse phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and semantic variations across Arab tribes, tracing the origins and evolution of Arabic dialects to the mid-second Hijri century. Using descriptive, historical, and inductive approach, the research maps dialectical distinctions within a unified linguistic framework, exploring each tribe’s unique linguistic characteristics in phonetic peculiarities, morphological structures, syntactic structures, and semantic variation. The analysis reveals the rich linguistic diversity within Arabic, shaped by historical, geographical, social, and cultural factors, and underscores the significance of dialectal variation in understanding the language’s evolutionary dynamics. By exploring these linguistic variations, the study contributes to the broader comprehension of Arabic’s linguistic diversity, offering insights into the linguistic heritage and cultural identity of Arab tribes. The study emphasizes the necessity of leveraging modern linguistic technologies for the analysis and preservation of dialectal diversity. Finally, it recommends comprehensive documentation and study of lesser-known dialects to be preserved as a cultural treasure of the Arabic language.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This open-access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
How to Cite
References
ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Ḍ. (1985). Lughat Tamim [Tamim Language]. Cairo: The Amiri Press.
ʿAbd al-Tawwāb, R. (1980). Fusul fi Fiqh al-Lughah [Chapters in Language Philolog] (2 ed.). Cairo: al-Khanjī Library.
Al-Akhfash, S. (1979). Ma'ani al-Qur'an [Meanings of the Quran]. (F. al-Ḥamd, Ed.) Kuwait: al-ʿAṣrīyah Press.
Al-Andalusi, A. (1998). Irtishaf al-Dhurrb min Lisan al-'Arab [Sipping the essence from Arabs' tongue] (1st ed.). (R. Muhammad, Ed.) Cairo: al-Khanji Library.
Al-Andalusī, A. (n.d.). Al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ. Riyadh: al-Naṣr al-Ḥadīthah Press
Al-ʿĀnī, M. (2021). Ta'aqqubat Naqdiyyah fi al-Tabayun al-Lahji, Tafsir Ruh al-Ma'ani Manṭalaqan [Critical Notes on Dialectal Clarifications: Rooh al-Maʿānī as a Starting Point]. Iraq: Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal, 4(2), 15-56.
Al-Ashmūnī. (n.d). Sharh al-Ashmuni 'ala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik [Al-Ashmuni's explanation on Ibn Malik's Thousand-Line Poem] (4 ed.). Cairo: Iḥyā' al-Kutub al-ʿArabīyah Press.
Al-Aṣmaʿī, ʿ. (n.d.). Ma Ikhtalafat Alafazuhu wa Ittafaqat Ma'aniha [Words that differ in form but agree in meaning]. (M. al-Dhahabī, Ed.)
Al-Azharī, K. (n.d.). Sharh al-Tasrih 'ala al-Tawdih [Explanation of Elucidation on the Clarification]. Cairo: Iḥyā' al-Kutub al-ʿArabīyah Press
Al-Darrāqī, Z. (1992). Muhaḍarat fi Fiqh al-Lughah [Lectures in Philology]. Algeria: Diwān al-Maṭbūʿāt al-Jāmiʿīyah.
Al-Farāhīdī, K. (1986). "Al-ʿAyn". (M. al-Makzoumi, M. al-Sāmarrāʾī, Ed.) Baghdad: al-Rashīd Press.
Al-Farrāʾ, A. (1980). Ma'ani al-Qur'an [The Meanings of the Quran] (2nd ed.). (A. Al-Najjār, Ed.) Cairo: The General Egyptian Book Organization.
Al-Ḥumṣī, M. (1994). Mujaz 'Ulum al-'Arabiyyah [A concise of Arabic sciences]. Lebanon: Groos Press.
Al-Iṣṭirābādhī, R. (1975). Sharh Shafiya Ibn al-Hajib [Explanation of Ibn al-Hajib's Healing] (1 ed.). (AbdHamid, M.- Al-Hussein M., Ed.). Beirut: Al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah Press.
Al-Iṣṭirābādhī, R. a.-D. (1979). Sharh al-Kafiya fi al-Nahw [Commentary on the Sufficient in Grammar] (2 ed.). Beirut: Al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah Press.
Al-Jabal, Ṣ. (2013). Al-Lughat al-Da'ifah wa Atharuha fi Usul al-Nahw [Weak languages and their effect on grammar principles]. Annual of the Faculty of Arabic Language in Zagazig / Al-Azhar University, 33(2), 1577-1637.
Al-Jnaidi, O. (2022). Al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah mundhu Aqdam 'Asuriha ila al-'Asr al-Jahili [Arabic Language from Its Earliest Ages to the Pre-Islamic Era]. Journal of Oriental Studies, 41, 352-369. https://doi.org/10.26650/jos.1140365
Al-Jundī, A. (1978). Al-Lahjat al-Arabiyya fi al-Turath [Arabic dialects in heritage]. Libya/Tunisia: Al-ʿArabīyah lil-Kitāb Press.
Al-Mubārak, M. (1981). Fiqh al-Lughah wa Khassa'isuha [ Characteristics of Arabic] (7th ed.). Al-Fikr Press.
Al-Mubarrad, A. (n.d). Al-Muqtadab [The chosen]. (M. ʿAẓīmah, Ed.) Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub.
Al-Murādī, I. (1976). Al-Junna al-Dani fi Huruf al-Ma'ani [The close garden in the letters of meanings]. Mosul: Dār al-Kutub Press.
Al-Nuʿaymī, Ḥ. (1980). Al-Dirāsāt al-Lahjīyah wa-al-Ṣawtīyah ʿind Ibn Jinnī [Dialectal and phonetic studies by Ibn Jinni]. Al-Rashīd Press.
Al-Qālī, A. (n.d.). Al-Amālī. Beirut: Al-Āfāq al-Jadīdah Press.
Al-Qushayrī, M. (1334H). Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim bi Sharḥ al-Nawawī [Sahih Muslim with Nawawi's Commentary]. Egypt: Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣubayḥ Press.
Al-Rāzī, A. (1993). Al-Sahibi fi Fiqh al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah wa Masailuha wa Sunan al-Arab fi Kalamuha [The Companion in Arabic Language Philology, its Issues, and Arabs Customs in Speech]. (O. Al-Taba', Ed.) Beirut: Al-Ma‘ārif Library.
Al-Ṣāliḥ, Ṣ. (1986). Dirāsāt fī Fiqh al-Lughah [Studies in Pilology]. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-al-Malāyīn.
Al-Suyūṭī, J. (n.d.). Al-Muzhir fī ʿUlūm al-Lughah wa-Anwāʿihā [The Illuminator in Language Sciences and Types]. (A. Bijawi- M. AbuFadl.- M. ād al-Mawlā , Ed.) Dār Iḥyā' al-Kutub al-ʿArabīyah.
Al-Suyūṭī, J. (n.d.). Al-Iqtirāḥ fī ʿIlm Uṣūl al-Naḥw [The Suggestion in Grammar Science and Principles]. (A. Qāsim, Ed.) Cairo: Al-Saʿādah Press.
Al-Ṭayyib, ʿ. (n.d.). Min Lughāt al-ʿArab, Lahjat Hudhayl [From Arabs' Dialects, Hudhayl Dialect]. Publications of Al-Fateh University.
Al-Zabīdī, M. (1306H.). Tāj al-ʿArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs [The Crown of the Bride from the Jewels of the Qamus]. Egypt: Al-Khayrīyah Press.
Al-Zabīdī, M. (1981). Laḥn al-ʿĀmah [The Commoners' Error]. (A. Maṭar, Ed.) Al-Maʿārif Press.
Al-Zajjājī, A. (1969). Al-Lāmāt [The Indicators]. (M. al-Mubārak, Ed.) Damascus: Al-Hāshimīyah Press.
Al-Zamakhsharī, J. (n.d.). Al-Mufaṣṣal fī ʿIlm al-ʿArabīyah [The Detailed in Arabic Science]. Beirut: Al-Jīl Press.
Anīs, I. (1986). Al-Lahjāt al-ʿArabīyah [Arabic Dialects]. Damascus: Al-Fikr Press.
Ghālib, ʿ. (1989). Lahjat Qabīlat Asad [Asad Tribe Dialect]. Baghdad: Al-Shu'ūn al-Thaqāfīyah al-ʿĀmmah Press.
Ḥijāzī, M. (1997). ʿIlm al-Lughah al-ʿArabīyah [Arabic Language Science]. Cairo: Nahḍat al-Sharq Press.
Ibn al-Jazarī, A. (n.d.). al-Nashr fī al-Qirā'āt al-ʿAshr [The Spread in the Ten Readings]. (ʿ. Ḍubāʿ, Ed.) Beirut: Al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah Press.
Ibn al-Khashshāb, A. (1972). Al-Murtajal [The Improvised]. (ʿ. Ḥaydar, Ed.) Damascus: Arabic Language Academy Publications.
Ibn al-Sarrāj, A. (1985). Al-Uṣūl fī al-Naḥ [ Grammar Principles]. (ʿ. a.-Ḥ. al-Fatli, Ed.) Al-Risālah Press.
Ibn al-Sikkīt, Y. (1997). Iṣlāḥ al-Manṭiq [Logic Correction]. (a. ʿ.-S. Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir, Ed.) Cairo: Al-Maʿārif Press.
Ibn anbrī, K. (1945). al-Inṣāf fī Masā'il al-Khilāf bayn al-Naḥwiyyīn al-Baṣriyyīn wa-al-Kūfiyyīn [Equity in Basran and Kufan Grammarians' Disputes]. (M. Abd Al-hamīd, Ed.) Cairo: Al-īstikama Press.
Ibn ʿAqīl, B. (n.d.). Sharḥ Ibn ʿAqīl ʿalā Alfiyyah Ibn Mālik [Ibn Aqil's Commentary on Ibn Malik's Alfiyya] (16 ed.). (M. M.-D. al-Ḥamīd, Ed.) Beirut: Al-Fikr Press.
Ibn Durayd, A. (1979). "Al-Ishtiqāq" [The Etymology] (2nd ed.). (ʿ. a.-S. Hārūn, Ed.) Beirut: Al-Masīrah Press.
Ibn Hishām, J. (n.d.). Mughnī al-Labīb ʿan Kutub al-Aʿārib [Enriching the intelligent from grammarians books]. (M. M.-D. al-Ḥamīd, Ed.) Cairo: Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣubbah Press.
Ibn Hishām, J. (n.d.). Awḍaḥ al-Masālik ilā Alfiyyah Ibn Mālik [The clearest paths to Ibn Malik's Thousand-Line Poem] (6th ed.). Beirut: Al-Nadwah al-Jadīdah Press.
Ibn Jinnī, A. (1954). Sirr Ṣināʿat al-Iʿrāb [The Secret of Syntax Craft]. (M. Saqam other, Ed.) Egypt: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī Press.
Ibn Jinnī, A. (1954). Al-Munṣif [The Equitable]. (I. Muṣṭafā- A. Amin, Ed.) Egypt: Al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī Press.
Ibn Jinnī, A. (1967). Al-Muḥtasib fī tibyīn wujūh shawādh al-qirā'āt wa-l-iḍāḥ ʿanhā [The auditor in explaining anomalous readings aspects and clarifying them]. (A. Al-Najdī- A. al-Najjār- A. Al-Shalabi, Ed.) Cairo: Committee for the Revival of Islamic.
Ibn Jinnī, A. (1999). Al-Khaṣā'iṣ [The Characteristics] (4th ed.). (, Ed.) Cairo: The Egyptian General Authority.
Ibn Manẓūr, J. ( no date.). Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Ṣādir Press.
Ibn Sīdah, ʿ. (no date.). Al-Mukhaṣṣaṣ [The specified]. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Tijārī Publishing Press
Ibn Yaʿīsh, M. (1988). Sharḥ al-Mufaṣṣal [Commentary on the detailed]. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub.
Naja, I. (1976). Al-Lahjāt al-ʿArabīyah [Arabic Dialects]. Al-Saʿādah Press.
Ramaḍān, M. (1979). Fī Ṣawtīyāt al-ʿArabīyah [In the Phonetics of Arabic]. Amman: Al-Risālah al-Ḥadīthah Library.
Sallūm, D. (1986). Dirāsat al-Lahjāt al-ʿArabīyah al-Qadīmah [Old Arabic Dialects Studies]. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub.
Sībawayh, A. (1977). Al-Kitāb [The Book] (2nd ed.). (A. Hārūn, Ed.) Egypt.: The Egyptian General Authority for Book.
Thaʿlab, A. (1969). Majālis Thaʿlab [Tha'lab's Sessions] (3 ed.). (A. Hārūn, Ed.). Al-Maʿārif Press.
Yāqūt, M. (2000). Uṣūl al-Naḥw al-ʿArabī [Arabic Grammar Principles]. Alexandria: Al-Maʿrifah al-Jāmiʿīyah Press.