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SDL Trados live cloud vs. traditional subtitling workflows: An empirical evaluation of performance
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: audiovisual translation, computer-assisted translation, cloud, SDL Trados, subtitling, translation memory, translation pedagogy, performance evaluation This study investigates the pedagogical effectiveness of SDL Live Cloud training technologies in developing subtitling skills among master’s students in audiovisual translation. The study compares the performance of students who utilize these technologies with their counterparts who rely on traditional methods of subtitling. Sixty students enrolled in an audiovisual translation program during the academic year 2024–2025 participated in the study. They were divided evenly into an experimental group, which received hands-on training with SDL Live Cloud, and a control group, which relied on conventional subtitling methods. Both groups were taught by the same instructor to ensure consistency. The research employed a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design across an 8-week intervention. Students were assessed along six constructs central to subtitling performance: (1) accuracy of translation, (2) use of specialized terminology, (3) readability and naturalness, (4) style and flow, (5) conciseness and respect for space constraints, and (6) cohesion and consistency. The results demonstrated statistically significant improvement in both groups; however, the experimental group exhibited markedly greater gains. Post-test comparisons confirmed that students trained with SDL Live Cloud outperformed their peers across all six dimensions of subtitling competence. The most substantial improvements were observed in style and flow, reflecting enhanced ability to preserve tone, rhythm, and audiovisual synchronization, and in specialized terminology use, indicating more accurate and context-sensitive lexical choices. The study concludes that training with SDL Live Cloud has had a transformative impact on students' proficiency in audiovisual translation and that cloud translation environments should be integrated into translation education programs.
audiovisual translation, computer-assisted translation, cloud, SDL Trados, subtitling, translation memory, translation pedagogy, performance evaluation
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad S Haider, Yousef Hamdan, Omair AlZghoul, Hussein Abu-Rayyash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The nexus of religious behavior and values in Muslim contexts: A systematic literature review
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Sociology and Community Development Keywords: religious behavior, religious values, systematic literature review Religious intentions and behaviors constitute a central focus of scholarly inquiry as they bridge internal belief systems and social expressions, shaping the identity, moral values, and everyday practices of Muslims. This study aims to map the research landscape on religious values and behaviors within the Muslim context through a Scopus-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) covering the period 2010–2025. Employing the PRISMA protocol, 229 documents were identified, analyzed bibliometrically using Bibliometrix R-Packages, and further examined for the substantive contributions of the most influential works. The findings reveal strong publication growth, with an annual increase of 18.95%, and demonstrate an expanding interdisciplinary knowledge base encompassing religion, psychology, health, migration, and business. Collaboration networks highlight two dominant clusters—the United States and Southeast Asia—with the University of Chicago and Malaysian universities emerging as central institutions. Indonesia and the United States are identified as the most productive contributors. Conceptual mapping places religion, Islam, and religiosity as central constructs interlinking themes of identity, acculturation, gender, and mental health. Post-2020 trends emphasize growing attention to mental health, morality, adolescents and young adults, and the psychology of religion. Content analysis of the 15 most impactful articles underscores consistent associations among religious values, religious behaviors, identity, subjective norms, and socio-cultural contexts such as discrimination and acculturation. This study contributes by offering a comprehensive synthesis of the field, identifying key actors, institutions, and research trajectories, and suggesting future agendas that integrate religious identity, norms, and mental health while expanding global perspectives and fostering cross-regional collaboration.
religious behavior, religious values, systematic literature review
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Zakaria Drajat Dahlan, Moh Zainul Arif, Ainun Nadzifah, Ahmad Suladi, Husni Abdul Malik, Abd. Haris, Darlis, Muhammad Labib, Julhelmi Erlanda, Muhammad Amri, Misbah Hudri, Ernawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Reframing disability in development discourse: A cultural critique of CSR narratives in Surakarta, Indonesia
Section: Articles Categories: Sociology and Community Development Keywords: CSR, Disability, Development, Surakarta Disability, often framed through developmental or medical paradigms, is increasingly recognized as a cultural and political construct shaped by societal narratives and institutional discourse. This study offers a cultural critique of how disability and empowerment are represented within corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs initiated by state-owned enterprises in Surakarta, Indonesia. Drawing on a qualitative, interpretive approach, we analyze narratives from 25 informants—including persons with disabilities, CSR officers, community leaders, and local officials—focusing on how CSR initiatives mediate concepts of productivity, agency, and social worth. Rather than evaluating program effectiveness, this study examines the discursive construction of “empowerment” and “inclusion” within CSR frameworks, revealing tensions between neoliberal logics of entrepreneurialism and the lived realities of individuals with disabilities. The analysis highlights how CSR initiatives often reproduce normative able-bodied assumptions, while simultaneously offering spaces for counter-narratives and resistance. This research contributes to critical disability studies and post-development discourse by foregrounding the cultural dimensions of empowerment and challenging technocratic solutions to structural marginalization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Laily Furaida, Karsidi, Drajat Tri Kartono, Sapja Anantanyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legislators as bridges of democracy: Communication, constituency, and participatory development in Medan city council
Section: Articles Categories: Sociology and Community Development, Culture, Media & Film, Digital Humanities, History and Anthropology Keywords: constituency engagement, Indonesia, legislative communication, local governance, Medan city council, participatory democracy Legislators fulfill a pivotal role in democratic governance, serving not only as policymakers but also as communicators who mediate between citizens and institutions. In Indonesia’s decentralized system, local legislatures (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, atau DVD) are expected to serve as a conduit between community aspirations and government policies, thereby ensuring that development planning is participatory and accountable. This study examines the communication practices of the Golkar faction in the Medan City Council during the 2019–2023 legislative period, focusing on how legislators act as bridges of democracy in fostering participatory development. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, combining in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed in accordance with the reduction, display, and verification model proposed by Miles and Huberman. To enhance the validity of the findings, a triangulation approach was employed. The informants included legislators, constituents across electoral districts, community leaders, and government officials involved in development planning. The findings indicate that legislators adopted a cyclical communication model characterized by continuous interaction between constituents, legislators, and government agencies. Communication was facilitated through both formal and informal channels. The formal channels included reses and musrenbang, while the informal channels encompassed social media and community meetings. Legislators functioned as advocates, translating citizen aspirations into policy proposals. They also served as educators, enhancing political literacy, and as mediators, facilitating accountability. Nevertheless, challenges persisted, including fiscal limitations, unequal participation due to the digital divide, and entrenched practices of money politics. This study makes a theoretical contribution by extending models of participatory democracy through the identification of a cyclical, dialogical communication framework. In practice, it provides insights for enhancing local democracy in Indonesia by demonstrating how legislators can institutionalize participatory communication to improve inclusiveness, transparency, and citizen trust.
constituency engagement, Indonesia, legislative communication, local governance, Medan city council, participatory democracy
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Afri Rizki Lubis, Marlon Sihombing, Humaizi, Hatta Ridho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring non-formal Islamic education: Research trends, contextual practices, and participant impacts (2015–2025)
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Sociology and Community Development, Philosophy & Religion Keywords: bibliometric analysis, content analysis, non-formal Islamic education This study examines the landscape of non-formal Islamic education through a systematic literature review (SLR), bibliometric mapping, and content analysis of scholarly publications published between 2015 and 2025. The Scopus database served as the primary data source, yielding 46 eligible articles in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Bibliometric analysis, performed using Biblioshiny (R-package) and VOSviewer, was employed to investigate publication trends, methodological orientations, thematic structures, and the most influential journals, authors, and contributing countries. The results indicate a consistent upward trajectory of research output, with an annual growth rate of 7.18%, largely dominated by contributions from Indonesia and Malaysia. Keyword mapping reveals major thematic clusters, including religious practices and psychological well-being, religious identity, community engagement, digital Islamic learning, and public religious discourse. Complementary content analysis demonstrates that non-formal Islamic education is manifested in diverse forms such as majelis taklim (Islamic study group), halaqah (Islamic learning circle), pengajian (Islamic religious lecture), mosque-based education, and community-based study circles. These platforms collectively contribute to the dissemination of religious knowledge, the strengthening of spiritual identity, the promotion of social solidarity, and resilience against radical ideologies. The novelty of this study lies in its provision of the first integrative evidence that compares non-formal Islamic education across multiple countries and contexts, while linking bibliometric trends with participant-level impacts. The findings underscore that non-formal Islamic education functions not only as a means of transmitting religious knowledge but also as a vehicle for fostering psychological well-being, community empowerment, and digital transformation. Nonetheless, the study acknowledges limitations, particularly its reliance on a single database (Scopus) and the exclusion of non-indexed local literature, which may result in the underrepresentation of grassroots practices. Future research should extend the scope by incorporating additional databases, including grey literature, and undertaking comparative case studies to enhance understanding of the evolving role of non-formal Islamic education within Muslim societies.
bibliometric analysis, content analysis, non-formal Islamic education
Copyright (c) 2025 Renanda Ardi Rifkan Pratama, Muhamad Mushollih Abdul Gofar, Nurfiati, Misbah Hudri, Muhammad Amri, Muh. Ikbal Amsah, Muchamad Subulul Hikam, Vida Ravida, Esse, Siti Muzakiyah, Naila Magfira Alwasi, Faridatun Nisa, Mukhammad Syariful Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Parental Knowledge of Digital Transformation and Young Children Social Behavior
Section: Articles Categories: Digital Humanities Keywords: Digital transformation, Early childhood education, Social behavior, Technology use, Technology transformation The ongoing development of technology provides many opportunities for society. However, many challenges accompany this development, one of which relates to children's social behavior. Children are the core of civilization; their growth and development certainly influence the future of society. Parenting styles in substance influence children's social behavior, especially when it comes to social interaction and technology use. This research is a humanistic investigation that seeks to analyze the parents' knowledge of digital transformation in parenting practices that influence children's social behavior. This research employs a quantitative approach by examining data gathered from six prominent cities in Indonesia. Certain criteria defined a demographic from which participants were randomly selected. The research identified a correlation between parental knowledge of digital transformation, parenting styles, and children's social behavior. This study demonstrates that parents' ignorance regarding digital transformation in technology leads to their apathy towards its impact on children's social behavior. The impact was revealed through how children behave when interacting with others.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juju Saepudin, Kartini Kartini, Marpuah Marpuah, Shiyamu Manurung, Badruzzaman Badruzzaman, Rahmi Utami Syarifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Vote buying in Jordanian electoral law: A critical legal analysis of the 2022 legislation
Section: Articles Categories: Sociology and Community Development Keywords: civil rights, electoral crimes, election integrity, Jordanian law, rule of law, vote-buying The present article aims to analyze vote-buying as a crime under Jordanian Election Law Number 4 of 2022 by studying the relevant legal texts that regulate it, defining its elements, and evaluating their adequacy for preventing this sin. This crime can also fall under the most serious categories of manifest manifestations of political corruption because it directly corrupts the popular will and jeopardizes the legitimacy of the electoral process. The article’s concern is whether the current text of law confronts the phenomenon of vote-buying with the required efficacy, given the evolution of the ways of committing it and the bounds of judicial interpretation. The research is descriptive and analytical while making a comparison with the earlier legal texts and analyzing the relevant decisions of the Jordanian Court of Cassation. The current law does possess important advancements, particularly not requiring the status of a candidate for the commission of the crime and introducing a penalty of disqualification from candidacy. However, there are still deficiencies in some respects, such as the failure to criminalize attempts and a lack of awareness of electronic images of the crime. The research recommends amending the text to include attempts, increasing penalties in organized cases, expanding liability to include electoral lists, and updating evidence tools to enhance the effectiveness of the enforcement of the legal text and ensure the integrity of elections.
civil rights, electoral crimes, election integrity, Jordanian law, rule of law, vote-buying
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamzeh Abu Issa, Hasan Al-Tarawneh, Khalid Alhrerat, Majd Almanasra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Visual trends and cultural symbolism in monkey zodiac stamp design: Implications for the philatelic market
Section: Articles Keywords: Chinese Heritage, Cultural Symbolism, Monkey Zodiac Stamps, Philatelic Market, Visual Trends This study examines the visual trends and cultural symbolism in Monkey zodiac stamp designs and their implications for the philatelic market. It aims to explore how these stamps balance heritage preservation with commercial appeal, reflect mythological and artistic traditions, and influence collector demand and cultural diplomacy. A systematic review of 252 initially identified articles from databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI was conducted, with 16 peer-reviewed studies meeting inclusion criteria focused on East Asian philatelic research. Using the PRISMA technique, data on visual motifs, color symbolism, artistic styles, and market trends were extracted and thematically synthesized. The study finds that Monkey zodiac stamps integrate rich mythological themes, notably Sun Wukong, with traditional color symbolism such as red and gold, while evolving artistically from realism to digital and augmented reality designs. Regional variations reflect distinct cultural interpretations in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. These stamps simultaneously promote cultural heritage and national identity, while driving strong market demand, especially for limited editions and artist collaborations. Technological innovations further enhance collectability and cultural engagement. This research provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary understanding of Monkey zodiac stamps as cultural artifacts and market commodities. It offers practical insights for designers, postal authorities, and collectors, and recommends future comparative and digital-era studies to sustain philately’s cultural and commercial relevance.
Chinese Heritage, Cultural Symbolism, Monkey Zodiac Stamps, Philatelic Market, Visual Trends
Copyright (c) 2025 Fang Liu, Azhar Bin Abd Jamil, Norfadilah Kamaruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Ma‘na-cum-Maghza on Qur’an in relation to disability empowerment in professional careers
Section: Digital Humanities Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Sociology and Community Development, Digital Humanities Keywords: Disability, Empowerment, Ma’na cum Maghzā, Professional Career, Qur’an. People with disabilities are often denied equal rights and opportunities, particularly in professional settings. Yet the Qur’an explicitly recognizes their existence and instructs humanity to uphold their dignity and equality. Despite this divine guidance, social stigma, discriminatory hiring practices, and inadequate inclusive accommodations continue to limit their career prospects and mobility. In light of these conditions, this study explores three key dimensions: (1) the interpretive dynamics of Qur’an 24:61 and Qur’an 80:1–4; (2) the application of the Ma‘na-cum-Maghza method to these verses; and (3) its relevance to the participation of persons with disabilities in professional careers. The research employs a library-based approach, analyzing the Qur’anic text supported by secondary sources, including classical, medieval, and contemporary tafsīr, scholarly books, journal articles, and academic studies. The Ma‘na-cum-Maghza framework proceeds in three stages: identifying the historical meaning (maʿnā al-tārīkhī), determining its historical significance (maghzā al-tārīkhī), and extracting its dynamic, contemporary relevance (maghzā al-mutaḥarrik al-muʿāṣirah). Findings show that the Qur’an affirms the equal involvement of persons with disabilities across all aspects of life, emphasizing their empowerment in professional domains. This study challenges conventional views on disability and offers theological justification for inclusive policies in recruitment and career advancement.
Disability, Empowerment, Ma’na cum Maghzā, Professional Career, Qur’an.
Copyright (c) 2025 Esya Heryana, Nabilatul Luthfiyah, Nurus Syamsiyah, Ikrima Nisdi, Mumtazatul Kamilah, Nailin Najah Ansori, Khairatun Hisan, Bilqis Shofiyana, Winona Lutfiah, Dede Rosana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Beyond the human pen: The role of artificial intelligence in literary creation
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Culture, Media & Film, Digital Humanities Keywords: AI-Generated Texts, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cultural Value, Human-AI Collaboration, Literary Creation, Literary Evaluation Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping the landscape of literary creation, offering new possibilities for writing that engage with, extend, and sometimes challenge traditional human literary practices. This study examines the multifaceted role of AI in literature, focusing on its impact on authorship, creativity, and the creation of literary texts. It evaluates AI-generated works on style, coherence, and literary merit, examining how these texts interact with human imagination and cultural expectations. It highlights the potential for AI to inspire writers, generate new narrative strategies, and increase the boundaries of literary experimentation, while also raising critical concerns about authenticity, artistic value, and the ethical implications of machine-assisted writing. Through comparative analysis and stylistic evaluation, the research investigates how AI influences literary expression, allowing the creation of texts that are sometimes indistinguishable from human writing in tone and style. The study suggests that AI is not merely a tool but an active participant in literary processes, capable of enriching creative practice while prompting reflection on the evolving relationship between human authors and intelligent systems. Empirical findings revealed that AI-driven content generation dominates article writing (85.1%) and copywriting (47.8%), while human-authored texts exhibit higher idea density (0.5) than AI-generated texts (0.4), underscoring stylistic and cognitive distinctions. It emphasizes the significance of integrating AI thoughtfully into literary creation, balancing innovation with the preservation of cultural and imaginative contributions that remain uniquely human.
AI-Generated Texts, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cultural Value, Human-AI Collaboration, Literary Creation, Literary Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2025 Elsadig Hussein Fadlalla Ali, Musadhique Kottaparamban , Fawzi Eltayeb Yousuf Ahmed, Saima Usmani, Muna Abdalatif Abbass Hamd, Mohammed Ali El-Siddig Ibrahim, Sarah Osman Eltom Hamed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Adolescent pregnancy prevention through local wisdom: The role of Tiga Batu Tungku in Indonesia
Section: Articles Categories: Sociology and Community Development Keywords: adolescent pregnancy, community-based intervention , health belief model, reproductive health education, Tiga Batu Tungku Adolescent pregnancy remains a pressing global concern with profound effects on maternal and infant health, as well as broader social and economic development. This study examines the role of Tiga Batu Tungku, an Indonesian concept of local wisdom that embodies three key societal pillars—the local government, religious figures, and educators—in efforts to prevent adolescent pregnancy. A case study approach was utilized to analyze the social and cultural factors influencing pregnancy prevention among adolescents. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, involving key informants such as representatives from local government, the church, schools, the Health Department, and the member of Youth Integrated Health Post. The study employs the Health Belief Model (HBM) (Rosenstock, 1994) to evaluate how these pillars contribute to shaping adolescents' understanding of premarital pregnancy risks, including their perceived vulnerability, severity, benefits of preventive measures, and existing barriers. The findings reveal that Tiga Batu Tungku operates as an integrated system where religious institutions provide moral education and character-building, local governments support health initiatives such as Youth Integrated Health Post, and educational institutions integrate reproductive health education and counseling services into their curricula. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and public health practitioners seeking to develop culturally sensitive and community-driven strategies to reduce adolescent pregnancy rates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erlin Kiriwenno, Sri Sulistyowati, Haryani Saptaningtyas, Sapja Anantanyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Hanan Al-Shaykh, Emily Nasrallah, and Ghada Al-Samman’s perceptions of masculinity crisis
Section: Articles Keywords: crisis, masculinity, women’s issues, honor killing, freedom, control, illumination The present study tackles the crisis of masculinity as depicted in several Arabic novels written by prominent female authors, including Hanan Al-Shaykh, Emily Nasrallah, and Ghada Al-Samman. It highlights that the masculinity crisis is not limited to men alone, but is closely and profoundly connected to women, their position in society, and the way they are perceived. Since masculinity and femininity are deeply intertwined, the crisis of masculinity can be understood through the dynamics of the man-woman relationship. Accordingly, the present study builds upon the central premise that there is a causal link between the crisis of masculinity and violence against women in all its forms and dimensions. It explores how this crisis serves as a primary contributor to the challenges and issues women face. The study examines the crisis of masculinity from two main perspectives. The first perspective is related to its relation to the issue of honor, which places the burden of upholding it on women. The second perspective is related to the obsession with controlling and illuminating women as a reflection of masculine insecurity within the socio-cultural Arab context.
crisis, masculinity, women’s issues, honor killing, freedom, control, illumination
Copyright (c) 2025 Sally Abdulateef Dheyab Ithawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The art of correspondence by Abdul Rahim Al-Baisani (The Righteous Arbiter)
Section: Articles Keywords: Al-Qadi Al-Fadhil’s, correspondence, the art The research situates Al-Qadi Al-Fadhil’s output within a historical and literary perspective that highlights the traits of his contemporary period, characterized by the wars fought by Muslims against the Crusaders and Franks. The research shows that Al-Qadi Al-Fadhil, in his works in the Diwan al-Insha, had a leadership and administrative role; he inspired the army and built their morale psychologically to face the enemy. He served as a full scholar before the intrigues of the Crusades and his homeland entered the gauntlet; Al-Qadi Al-Fadhil’s Correspondences provided, more than anything else, the most thorough documentation of this country’s events, artistically directing requests for influence and agreement on the viewpoint he desired others to espouse. Accordingly, Al-Fadhil varied his language to achieve the result he sought. This study selected two original materials from Al-Fadhil’s letters as core material to examine the letters’ objectives and achieve their purposes.
Al-Qadi Al-Fadhil’s, correspondence, the art
Copyright (c) 2025 Saad Abd Allah Meqdad, Murad Rafeek Albayyari, Essam Eid AbuGharbiah, Abdullah Terrisi, Ahmad Mohmmad Dello https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital humanities: A review study of digital archives for sustainability and health equity
Section: Digital Humanities Categories: Digital Humanities Keywords: Digital Humanities, Digital Archives, Sustainability, Health Equity, Metadata Design, User Interface, Community Engagement, Decolonizing Practices. This review article examines the transformative role of Digital Humanities (DH) in advancing sustainability and health equity through digital archives. While digital archives have traditionally served as cultural heritage repositories, this study demonstrates their strategic potential as critical infrastructures for addressing complex global challenges. The analysis reveals how DH principles fundamentally reshape archival practice, with ethical metadata transformation—using artificial intelligence, controlled vocabularies, and community-led methods—emerging as a powerful mechanism for redressing historical bias and enabling more accurate representation of marginalized groups. Key findings from the synthesis of 29 studies show inclusivity as the predominant principle, followed by accessibility (19 studies) and community engagement (15 studies). The evidence indicates that participatory design approaches yield culturally sensitive, multilingual interfaces that better serve underrepresented populations, while innovative taxonomy development and open-source platforms advance decolonizing archival practices. However, significant implementation challenges persist, including the digital divide, ethical concerns regarding data sovereignty, and constraints from legacy systems and limited resources. The review concludes that intentional application of DH methodologies to archival design substantially enhances digital archives' capacity to support both cultural sustainability and rigorous investigation into the structural dimensions of health equity, though more collaborative approaches are needed to fully realize this potential
Digital Humanities, Digital Archives, Sustainability, Health Equity, Metadata Design, User Interface, Community Engagement, Decolonizing Practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sayed M. Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital tools and advanced vocabulary acquisition: An empirical analysis of learning outcomes in ESL contexts
Section: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: digital tools, vocabulary acquisition, advanced ESL learners, empirical study, learning opportunities This empirical study investigates the effectiveness of digital vocabulary learning tools in enhancing advanced ESL learners’ vocabulary acquisition. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 120 advanced ESL learners divided into three groups: digital tool users (n=40), traditional instruction recipients (n=40), and a control group (n=40). Participants were assessed using pre- and post-tests measuring receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge, retention rates, and depth of word knowledge. Digital tools included adaptive vocabulary applications, corpus-based learning platforms, and multimedia annotation systems. Results revealed that digital tool users demonstrated significantly higher gains in vocabulary acquisition (p<0.001), with effect sizes ranging from medium to large (d=0.72-1.14). Retention tests conducted after four weeks showed sustained learning advantages for the digital group. Qualitative data indicated increased learner engagement and autonomous learning behaviors. The findings suggest that well-designed digital tools can effectively address the vocabulary learning challenges faced by advanced ESL learners, particularly in developing nuanced understanding of word meanings and collocational patterns.
digital tools, vocabulary acquisition, advanced ESL learners, empirical study, learning opportunities
Copyright (c) 2025 Shamim Akhter, Tribhuwan Kumar, Madhurima Srivastava, Walton Wider https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Privileged locations and role of native informants in Khaled Hoessini’s The Kite Runner: A self-orientalist study
Section: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: developing countries, native informants, Orientalism, racial disparities, self-orientalism The purpose of the study is to analyze Khalid Hoessini’s The Kite Runner (2005) from a Self-Orientalized perspective to show the privileged location and role of native informants, and the stereotypical images of the Oriental are given in The Kite Runner by the writer as a native informant. The mythological approach is qualitative and the nature of the research is analytical, and the researcher used close textual as a research method. Daura (1995) and Spivak’s (1999) notions of self-Orientalism and native informants have been respectively used as theoretical framework. Hosseini (2005) is a true Self-Orientalist in Daura’s (1995) point of view with reference to Said’ s Orientalism (1978), and also a factual follower as a native informant who gave stereotypical images of Afghan in The Kite Runner (2005), and misrepresented the Oriental as Orientalists misrepresented, showing the orient as Others. The main findings of the research are effective for the researchers and scholars of literature who after comprehension the concept of native informants who re-Orientalize the Orient may research and approach the notions in other discourses of developing countries. Orientalists have represented the Orient in their writings, and the approach is identified as Orientalism.
developing countries, native informants, Orientalism, racial disparities, self-orientalism
Copyright (c) 2025 Shamim Akhter, Wajid Riaz, Anurag Ambasta, Madhur Kumar, Tribhuwan Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An experimental study of the use of flipped classroom model and its self-efficacy on diploma students in English classrooms at PSAU
Section: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: EFL instruction, Flipped Classroom Model, learner autonomy, self-efficacy, Saudi Higher Education This research examines the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Model (FCM) in enhancing self-efficacy among diploma-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University’s College of Science and Humanities in Sulayyil, Saudi Arabia. The research explores the educational possibilities of facilitating foundational content acquisition beyond the traditional classroom setting by utilizing pre-recorded lectures, meticulously selected readings, and diverse multimedia resources. This methodology draws upon Bandura’s (1997) four foundational sources of self-efficacy: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective states. This optimizes the allocation of in-class time for collaborative problem-solving and tailored feedback. A quantitative research methodology was employed, wherein 150 Saudi diploma students were administered a structured, electronic questionnaire comprising three distinct sections to facilitate data collection. The instrument gathered demographic data, learner inclinations regarding modes of instructional delivery, and perspectives on the relationship between self-efficacy and instructional models. The involvement of educators proved instrumental in both the recruitment of participants and the dissemination of the survey. The FCM cohort is anticipated to demonstrate superior self-efficacy scores compared to their peers in conventional classrooms, a phenomenon likely resulting from active engagement, a tailored pace, and enhanced learner autonomy. t.
EFL instruction, Flipped Classroom Model, learner autonomy, self-efficacy, Saudi Higher Education
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Benyo, Tribhuwan Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Beyond algorithms: Revolutionized AI-education and human potentials for 2030
Section: Articles Categories: Digital Humanities Keywords: education, artificial intelligence, technology, personalised learning, cognition, skills Background: Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in enhancing educational settings through developing classroom instructions, automating assessments, personalised learning and lifelong learning. Purpose: The current study aims to conceptualise the impacts of AI on education and human potential by 2030, investigating the growing number of relevant publications and collaborations between national authors and institutions, as well as international collaboration. Method: The study utilised a bibliometric analytic technique to collect papers published in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The collection process followed PRISMA criteria in selecting 37119 published papers. The data is analysed using VOSviewer software to display co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrences. Results: The findings reveal a consistent annual growth in AI-correlated research in education, with significant collaboration across key authors, nations and institutions. Besides, thematic analysis revealed significant indications concerning adaptive education, AI-human collaboration, and customised tutoring systems. These indications are not only offering responses to the present research questions but also highlight a shift from AI as a support tool for creative force in education. Conclusion: The current research has revealed an urgent call for action by educators, policymakers, and developers to fully utilise AI appropriately and jointly, ensuring that by 2030, AI is employed as an assistance for rational, human-centered learning. Finally, it concluded with final thoughts and a vision for 2030.
education, artificial intelligence, technology, personalised learning, cognition, skills
Copyright (c) 2025 Bilal Kh. Khalaf, Hanadi I. Ibrahim, Khalil M. Sa’ed, Shaimaa J. Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Culigion and the Emergence of Saudi Institutional English in Health College Deans' Messages
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism This study examines how Saudi health college deans construct institutional messages in English, revealing systematic linguistic features constituting an emerging variety shaped by 'culigion'—a unified cultural-religious schema that fundamentally restructures English. Analysis of four deans' messages (Medicine, Dentistry, Applied Medical Sciences, Pharmacy) from a Saudi university website employed a three-level framework examining micro-level lexical patterns, meso-level rhetorical structures, and macro-level sociocultural positioning. Findings demonstrate culigion operates as a variety-generating cultural model producing systematic innovations across all linguistic levels. A distinctive seven-phase rhetorical architecture blends Arabic and Anglo-American conventions, with religious framing establishing moral authority whilst middle sections navigate between national development goals and international standards. Collective voice markers (50.1 per 1,000 words) and cumulative coordination (43.4 per 1,000 words) reflect Islamic communal values and Quranic rhetoric. Lexical transformations show 'service' indexing collective benefit and 'excellence' manifesting through non-competitive accumulation. These features represent strategic innovation, enabling navigation between local authenticity and global intelligibility. The study contributes to World Englishes scholarship by documenting how expanding circle varieties develop through comprehensive cultural models. Pedagogically, findings challenge English-only policies, suggesting culigion features constitute legitimate resources. Saudi institutional English demonstrates how strategic hybridity honours cultural values whilst serving global academic purposes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hissah Mohammed Alruwaili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital ecologies: A review study on the integration of technology, and environmental data for sustainability and public health
Section: Digital Humanities Categories: Digital Humanities Keywords: digital ecologies, environmental data integration, public health informatics, sustainability, systematic review, technological systems, planetary health, Internet of Things (IoT), geospatial intelligence, health equity Planetary crises such as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten both ecosystem stability and human health, prompting the emergence of "Digital Ecologies"—integrated networks of sensors, communication technologies, and data analytics—as critical infrastructures for monitoring and mitigation. This systematic review synthesizes knowledge on how such systems integrate environmental data to advance sustainability and public health goals simultaneously. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed 92 studies that met strict inclusion criteria, revealing that integrated frameworks span domains from urban air quality to public health surveillance. These are operationalized through dominant paradigms including Geospatial Intelligence Systems, Ambient Sensing Networks, and Participatory & Citizen Science Platforms, which enable a bidirectional flow of data where environmental information guides health interventions and health data validates environmental models. While case studies demonstrate efficacy in specific use-cases, quantitative evidence of impact remains limited beyond metrics like pollutant reduction. Significant implementation challenges persist, including data siloing, interoperability issues, and equitable barriers like the digital divide and data sovereignty concerns. The findings conclude that while Digital Ecologies offer a transformative evidence base for proactive interventions, future progress hinges on generating more robust outcome data and prioritizing community-centered design and ethical governance to ensure equitable sustainability and public health.
digital ecologies, environmental data integration, public health informatics, sustainability, systematic review, technological systems, planetary health, Internet of Things (IoT), geospatial intelligence, health equity
Copyright (c) 2025 Khaled Ahmed Abdel-Al Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring the impact of digital learning platforms on student engagement and performance
Section: Articles Categories: Digital Humanities Keywords: academic performance, digital learning platforms, educational technology, e-learning adoption, remote learning impact This study examines the impact of digital learning platforms on student engagement and performance in Saudi Arabian higher education post-COVID-19. It explores how demographic factors, platform preferences, usage frequency, and satisfaction influence academic outcomes. Data were collected from 132 participants, considering factors such as age, gender, field of study, and education level through a structured survey. The analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests to evaluate platform usage patterns, and correlation analysis to examine the relationships between demographic variables, platform usage, engagement, and satisfaction. Age distribution showed 40% of respondents in the 25-34 age group, with 35% in both the 35-44 and 45-54 groups, while gender representation was nearly balanced, with females at 55% and males at 45%. The Education field had the highest representation (35%), followed by Science (18.5%) and Business (8.5%). Among platforms, Zoom dominated usage, with 65 users engaging several times weekly and 12 daily. Microsoft Teams followed, with 41 frequent weekly users and 9 daily. Blackboard and Google Classrooms exhibited lower usage, with only 19 using Blackboard weekly, while Google Classrooms was least used. Engagement levels were comparable to traditional classes, with 63.6% indicating the same level, though technical issues affected performance for 30%, with 13 experiencing a notable decline. The Chi-Square test revealed a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between platform type and frequency, indicating that Zoom and Microsoft Teams were favored for frequent use. The results indicate that while digital platforms retain engagement similar to traditional methods, platform selection significantly influences frequency of use, with Zoom and Microsoft Teams preferred for regular interactions. Technical issues remain a barrier for a subset of students, affecting motivation and performance. Digital learning platforms can sustain student engagement effectively; however, improving technical support and platform features is crucial. This study uniquely highlights how digital platform preferences and demographic factors impact learning engagement and academic outcomes in a post-pandemic educational landscape.
academic performance, digital learning platforms, educational technology, e-learning adoption, remote learning impact
Copyright (c) 2025 Mubarak S. Aldosari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perceived leader resource favoritism and employee energy-wasteful behaviors in tourism and hospitality organizations: The mediating role of resource competition anxiety and the moderating effect of sustainability policy clarity
Section: Articles Keywords: Perceived leader resource favoritism, Resource competition anxiety, Employee energy-wasteful behaviors, Sustainability policy clarity, Vision 2030, SDGs, Tourism & hospitality sustainability, Conservation of Resources Theory, Environmental sustainability, Energy efficiency, Future economies. As a part of these complex global sustainability challenges, this study aims to examine how leader resource favoritism (LRF) perception by employees attenuates energy-wasting behaviors through cognition and affect stereotypes at the destinations where tourism/hospitality business activities are conducted. It is inspired by the Conservation of Resources Theory and aims to explore the psychological mechanism of resource scarcity competition anxiety and sustainability policy clarity as a moderator. Research will be strategically aligned with Nationally important priorities for R&D&I in the Kingdom, such as long-term environment sustainability and energy efficiency, that are outlined under Vision 2030 and that contributes to UN Sustainable Development SDG Goal: 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), Goal: 8 (Decent Work),SDG Goal: 12 (Responsible Consumption) respectively. The sample consisted of 482, the data were collected in hotels and tour operators and food & beverage service Employees within Saudi Arabia using two-wave survey design. Hypotheses testing was carried out using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results highlight the direct and indirect (through resource competition anxiety) influence of perceived leader resource favoritism on employee energy-wasteful behavior. Secondly, when it comes to policy commitment on sustainability, the positive chains are substantially lessened. These findings emphasize the significance of sustainable leadership and transparent communication with regard to environmental issues in order to decrease anxiety as well as prevent such waste of resources based on that anxiety, with practical implications elevating an organization’s sustainability, pursuant to Saudi Arabia’s national aspiration related to country greening/smart economy.
Perceived leader resource favoritism, Resource competition anxiety, Employee energy-wasteful behaviors, Sustainability policy clarity, Vision 2030, SDGs, Tourism & hospitality sustainability, Conservation of Resources Theory, Environmental sustainability, Energy efficiency, Future economies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdelrahman A. A. Abdelghani, Hebatallah Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal basis of the civil liability for harms caused by misleading content on social media under UAE legislation
Section: Articles Categories: Philosophy & Religion Keywords: misleading content, civil liability, UAE legislation, Social Media The current study examines the legal basis for civil liability for harms arising from misleading content on social media under UAE law. We have adopted an inductive approach to analyze legal texts, revealing that these laws do strive to protect society from the risks of misinformation while ensuring responsible freedom of expression and combining legal deterrence with public education. In light of the challenges imposed by the rapid spread of false and misleading information in the digital environment, the UAE, like other countries, has witnessed a dramatic expansion in the use of social media as a primary source of news and information, necessitating a comprehensive legal framework to regulate this digital world. This framework, however, is based on Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 to combat Rumors & Cybercrimes, Decree-Law No. 55 of 2023 on Media Regulation, Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 regarding civil transactions, as well as the Federal Law No. (15) of 2020 on consumer protection, which together constitute the Legislative System for Criminal and Civil Accountability. Moreover, the study clarifies that the UAE Legislation is comprehensive and stringent, criminalizing the publication or republication of false or misleading news, regardless of the motive. It places responsibility on both individuals and digital platforms, allowing those harmed to seek civil compensation for material or moral damages arising from such content. The findings reveal that the UAE has adopted a preventive and proactive approach by criminalizing the dissemination of paid disinformation and the use of artificial intelligence techniques to spread misleading content, making it one of the leading countries in confronting modern digital crimes. Finally, our research has produced a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which are strengthening courts’ capacity to handle digital evidence, establishing a national database to monitor misleading content, and raising users’ legal and media awareness and enhancing international cooperation to combat cross-border disinformation and updating laws to keep pace with rapid developments in artificial intelligence and embedding digital justice within national digital transformation policies.
misleading content, civil liability, UAE legislation, Social Media
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadia Yas, Wided Dafri, Hayssam Hammad, Nagwa Abouhaiba, Doaa Mahmoud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Role of artificial intelligence in the promotion of customer experiences: A legal administrative study and systematic review in the United Arab Emirates
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Sociology and Community Development, Culture, Media & Film Keywords: artificial intelligence, customer experiences, legal administrative, systematic review Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered one of the major drivers of global digital transformation, playing a crucial role in reshaping Customer Experience (CX) across sectors. The current study, however, aims to analyze AI's role in promoting customer experiences in the United Arab Emirates, with a primary focus on administrative and legal aspects, and to provide a systematic review of the relevant literature. It is worth noting that the United Arab Emirates has widely adopted AI applications in government services, such as the intelligent assistant "Rashid," process automation, virtual banking assistants, fraud detection, e-commerce recommendation engines, customer service chatbots, intelligent hotel assistants, ticket sales, calculating goals and scores in sports activities, and personalized travel services. These applications help deliver faster, more efficient, and tailored services, boosting customer satisfaction and supporting the development of an advanced digital economy. The UAE has a relatively advanced legal and regulatory framework for the use of artificial intelligence, with a focus on data protection and privacy, as reflected in laws such as Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on Personal Data Protection. Moreover, the country has established specialized bodies, including the AI Office, the UAE Council for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transactions, and the Legislative AI Office. All these bodies indeed reflect the country's commitment to regulating this field and ensuring the responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence. We recommend that government bodies and policymakers develop more flexible and dynamic legal frameworks, clarify issues of liability and intellectual property, promote ethical governance of artificial intelligence, invest in digital infrastructure, and enhance collaboration among the public, private, and academic sectors. Furthermore, we advise companies and organizations to adopt a customer-focused approach, ensure transparency in AI usage, invest in employee and player training, balance automation with human interaction, and adhere to ethical and legal standards. Future researchers are advised to conduct in-depth case studies, analyze social and economic impacts, perform international comparisons, and develop evaluation models to determine the effectiveness of AI applications. Finally, the study confirms that the AI future in promoting customer experience in the UAE is somewhat promising, provided that legal and ethical frameworks continue to be developed, capacities are built, and collaboration is strengthened. Thus, the UAE will establish a global model for leveraging AI to achieve sustainable development and build a thriving, people-centric digital future.
artificial intelligence, customer experiences, legal administrative, systematic review
Copyright (c) 2025 Harith Yas, Zubaidah Aldabbagh, Ahmed A. Khalifa, Ali Faghiri, Amal Ali Bawazir, Fanar Shwedeh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A legal perspective to environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabia
Section: Articles Categories: Sociology and Community Development Keywords: law, environment, Saudi Arabia, sustainability, Vision 2030 This study presents a legal perspective on environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabia. The principal purpose of the study is to explore how the different aspects of environmental sustainability are highlighted and fostered by various laws laid down by the Saudi government and emphasized by the 2030 Saudi Vision, and to examine Saudi Arabia's environmental laws and regulations, emphasizing the Kingdom's attempts to strike a balance between environmental responsibility and economic progress. The study attempts to fulfill three main objectives: (1) exploring how environmental sustainability is supported by various laws and regulations in Saudi Arabia, (2) demonstrating the different laws and rules regulating the process of environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabia, and (3) highlighting how 2030 Saudi Vision is highly concerned with the numerous facets of environmental sustainability. Two main findings are revealed here: first, Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in creating a strong legal framework to handle environmental concerns while striking a balance between sustainability and economic growth; and second, Saudi Arabia is making great efforts to safeguard its environment for coming generations by enacting extensive environmental laws, rules, and regulations, such as those pertaining to waste management, pollution prevention, and water conservation.
law, environment, Saudi Arabia, sustainability, Vision 2030
Copyright (c) 2025 Bader Aldosari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Value of Regional Languages in Indonesia: An Acoustic Analysis using Praat
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Culture, Media & Film, History and Anthropology Keywords: formant, vowel, acoustic phonetics, Indonesian regional languages, PRAAT Formants are the defining frequency components of acoustic signals in human speech and play a crucial role in shaping vocal quality. This study aims to identify and describe the formant values (F1, F2, and F3) of five Indonesian regional languages: Ambon, Bugis, Nias, Sundanese, and Serui Papua. Employing a qualitative descriptive design within an acoustic phonetics framework, data were elicited from native speakers’ utterances and analysed using PRAAT software to extract formant values and their distributional patterns. The findings reveal notable cross-linguistic variation. Bugis exhibits the richest vowel inventory, with 39 vowels across 12 lexical items, whereas Nias has the smallest set, with 19 vowels from 6 lexical items. Regarding acoustic measurements, the highest F1 value was observed in Ambon (1210 Hz), the highest F2 in Sundanese (2417 Hz), and the highest F3 also in Ambon (3250 Hz). Conversely, the lowest F1 was recorded in Nias (337 Hz), the lowest F2 in Serui Papua (1007 Hz), and the lowest F3 in Bugis (2171 Hz). These results confirm that cross-linguistic variation in formant distribution reflects the distinctive articulatory characteristics of each language. The study contributes to comparative phonetic research while also supporting regional language preservation through acoustic documentation, which can inform educational practice, voice recognition technologies, and language revitalisation initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuri Widiantho, Retno Wiyati, Nety, Novandy Adhitya, Maria Eryestin Nahak, Handayani, Fenny Herlinda Walu Wanja, Mijil Arom Utama, Candraderi Christmatara, Putu Debby Yolanda, Arum Sari Wati, Azhar Anuar, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, Yusuf Nur Kholiq, Mochamad Syahrul Iqbal, Madya Giri Aditama, Asri Wahyuni Sari, Fifi Lia Rumita, La Ode Ilan, Arbain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Narrating the displaced child: Postcolonial hybridity and resistance in The Other Side of Truth
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism This study explores the effect of Beverley Naidoo’s protagonist in The Other Side of Truth in light of displacement through a postcolonial perspective. It emphasizes how she navigates her identity amidst the traumatic exile and displacement, especially with the rise of forced migration. It further analyzes how political and psychological displacement shape the lived practices of refugees and encounters, leading to narratives whose protagonists have suffered a lot in their quest to speak up during their asylum and self-discovery journeys. Employing a close-reading analytical methodology, the analysis integrates works of Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak with modern scholarship of refugee literature to properly understand issues of surveillance, hybridity, and narrative resistance. The findings indicate that the phenomenon of displacement is not confined to the geographical factors; it is viewed as a multifaceted state that intersects between the colonial power and violent practices against the colonized. The voice of the female narrator functions as a defensive mechanism against the colonizer while attempting to forge her identity by means of storytelling and narration. Naidoo’s narrative challenges all aspects of Western narratives and positions refugee children as moral mediators within a postcolonial circle. Eventually, this study claims that The Other Side of Truth retrieves the refugees’ lives from emotional or persecuted representations, proposing a resilient and resistant literary involvement with matters of exile.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdullah Shehabat, Ali M. Alnawaiseh, Yousef M. Tahat, Elham T. Hussein, Tariq Jameel Alsoud, Ayman K. Hussein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Fostering nationalism through digital poetry: A design-based study integrating constructivist and culturally responsive pedagogy in Indonesian elementary educationducation
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Digital Humanities Keywords: digital learning, nationalism education, poetry writing, constructivist pedagogy, culturally responsive teaching This study examines the effectiveness of a digital poetry-based learning application, SENANDI (Seni dan Nasionalisme Digital), in fostering nationalism among elementary school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Employing a design-based research (DBR) approach, the study integrated constructivist principles, the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, and culturally responsive pedagogy across three iterative phases: design, expert validation, and empirical testing. Seventy-eight fourth-grade students participated in an eight-week intervention using the SENANDI platform. Quantitative results from a one-group pretest–posttest design revealed significant improvement in students’ nationalism attitudes (Cohen’s d = 1.43), with the highest gains observed in cultural appreciation (d = 1.52). Regression analysis indicated that the quality of poetry produced by students was the strongest predictor of nationalism gains (β = .45, p < .001), suggesting that creative depth contributes more meaningfully to value internalization than usage frequency. These findings highlight the pedagogical potential of creative digital tools to promote civic and character education, particularly when embedded in culturally grounded learning contexts. The study concludes that technology-mediated creative expression can serve as a transformative means of instilling national values in primary education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Onok Yayang Pamungkas, Etty Sisdiana, Benny Widaryanto, Jarwadi, Iskandar Agung, Novita Siswayanti, Agus Fanar Syukri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
One story, two cultures: Readership responses to the cross-cultural translation of Jane the Virgin and El-Anisa Farah
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: cultural translation, domestication, audience perception, audiovisual translation, adaptation, gender representation, Jane the Virgin, El Anisa Farah This study examines readers’ reception to the cross-cultural adaptation of Jane the Virgin and its Egyptian adapted version, El Anisa Farah, assigning such a cultural translation experience to viewers' perception, moral judgment, and enjoyment. The study explored readers’ responses by 500 Egyptian and Arab respondents to a questionnaire that measures data about primary demographics including six areas: cultural understanding and relevance; perceived quality of adaptation; social and moral appropriateness; representation of gender and relationships; cultural setting and contextual impact; audience evaluation and satisfaction. The findings demonstrated a comprehensive positive audience attitude towards the domesticated Egyptian version, specifically regarding how the moral and religious elements were addressed as well as the indication of cultural adaptation that led to a better cultural appropriateness. In terms of differences, they primarily appeared in how gender roles in the remake were perceived by female members of the audience, in particular. In other words, female viewers expressed unfavorable opinions on how women and the relationships they are involved in were portrayed. At the same time, younger viewers and frequent consumers of foreign or domesticated audiovisual content showed higher satisfaction and cultural understanding. The results of this study emphasize the importance of maintaining a balance in the context of interlingually translated audiovisual content; a balance that asserts that this form of translation functions as a mediator between cultures as it maintains faithfulness to the source culture while respecting the target moral concerns. The study finishes with significant suggestions that can benefit audiovisual translators, producers of audiovisual content, and acting agents in the context of audiovisual content production, distribution, and exhibition. These suggestions propose a collaboration among all the involved agents to integrate a cultural dialogue that takes into account issues relating to cultural portrayals of gender roles as well as to research based on viewers’ experiences to achieve cultural credibility and relevance in the target societies.
cultural translation, domestication, audience perception, audiovisual translation, adaptation, gender representation, Jane the Virgin, El Anisa Farah
Copyright (c) 2025 Israa Alquda, Bassam M Al Saideen, Mohammed M. Obeidat, Ahmad S Haider, Linda S. Al-Abbas, Mohammed Dagamseh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Magic realism in Arabic poetry: Waddah al-Yaman, Love and Death by Badawi al-Bayyati as an example
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: Al-Bayyati, intertextuality, magical realism, poetry, narrative, symbolism Considering the poem “About Waddah of Yemen, Love, and Death”, the research attempts an analysis through magical realism. It aims at an exposition of the artistic techniques employed by Al-Bayati in his poetic text that reflects his own experience, including such devices as intertextuality, symbolism, mythology, and character evocation. He narrates events whereby an inevitable intertwining of reality and mirth takes place, mainly for the purpose of analysis of and implicit revolt against the realities of social and political life. The descriptive-analytical method was adopted to recognize the components of magical realism in the poem and to identify the creative techniques by means of which Al-Bayyati achieves a peculiar sought meaning in the poem’s context. Some of the most important findings of the research indicated such things as the rise of intertextuality as a principal device in depicting magical realism inside the poem, as well as the significance of symbolism and ambiguity as essential characteristics throughout its entirety. The poet’s intertextuality with Arabic and Western literature attests to the profundity of his literary erudition and his familiarity with diverse literatures. This artistic style is not confined to prose; it permeates the beauty of poetry, though. Such a poem is a demonstration of magical realism in Arabic poetry.
Al-Bayyati, intertextuality, magical realism, poetry, narrative, symbolism
Copyright (c) 2025 Saad Meqdad, Ruqaiya Amin Odeh, Mohammad O. Abu-Rahme, Talal Ahmed Salim Al Zaabi, Nizar Jebril Ibrahim Alseoudi, Majed Muhammed Abdoh Al-Dalalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Judges’ perspectives on the use of modern standard Arabic versus vernacular in court proceedings
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: courtroom, judicial perspectives, vernacular, standard language The choice of language in courts greatly aids in facilitating clarity, accessibility and actual legitimacy of court action. Generally, in Arabic-speaking countries, MSA is thought to be the standard formal language of law, while vernacular Arabic is the everyday spoken colloquial variety. The current study examines judges’ attitudes regarding the choice between the MSA and vernacular Arabic in court in terms of clarity and comprehensibility, formality, accessibility for the litigants, and regulatory issues. A well-designed 20-item questionnaire was distributed among 300 judges of different ranks (First Instance, Appeal, and Supreme/High Courts) operating in different geographical settings (urban, rural, and mixed) in Jordan. The results demonstrated that judges preferred MSA, strongly linking it with clarity, consistency, and authority in court, while vernacular Arabic was believed to help litigants and low educational background individuals understand the court procedures better. It is recommended that MSA should continue to be the language of record in order not to compromise institutional legitimacy, while it advocates the limited conscious use of vernacular Arabic during oral hearings in a way promoting fairness and encouraging participation.
courtroom, judicial perspectives, vernacular, standard language
Copyright (c) 2025 Majd Almanasra, Abdullah Alkhseilat, Ahmad Haider , Hamzeh Abu Issa, Saad Meqdad, Mohammad Nasr Khater https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Tadut as a medium of Dakwah: The transmission of Islamic values through local wisdom
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: Dakwah, Islamic Values, Kedurang Bengkulu, Tadut Tadut, a form of lyrical poetry rooted in Kedurang, South Bengkulu, has historically served as a medium of consolation in times of bereavement and as an instrument of dakwah (Islamic religious outreach). While modernization and shifting cultural preferences have diminished its practice, Tadut remains a significant locus where Islamic values and local wisdom intersect. This study aimed to analyze the Islamic values embedded in tadut and to assess its role as a medium of religious communication and moral education within the Kedurang community. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, structured interviews with community elders, and documentation of tadut performances. The data were then analyzed using interactive model of data analysis with triangulation to ensure validity. The findings reveal that Tadut encapsulates core Islamic values, including (1) monotheism and obedience to Allah; (2) belief in angels, scriptures, and divine decree (qada and qadar); (3) reinforcement of obligatory worship, particularly the five daily prayers (salat); and (4) cultivation of noble character such as patience, sincerity, and resilience in facing life’s trials. The study demonstrates that tadut functions not only as a ritual of communal consolation but also as a dynamic form of oral pedagogy that embeds theology, worship, and ethics into daily life. Its novelty lies in highlighting Tadut as a contextual and emotionally engaging medium of dakwah, bridging oral traditions with Islamic communication theory. The implications suggest that revitalizing Tadut, through educational integration and cultural preservation, can sustain its role as a heritage practice and a relevant medium for transmitting Islamic values to future generations.
Copyright (c) 2027 Salsabila Nova Fatimah, Rifda Najila Marhamah, Febi Junaidi, Sri Satyaningtyas, Abdul Hakim, Akhmad Fikli, Muhammad Hufron, Usman, Nikila Shofiyatuz Zahra, Abdul Jabar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sustainable tourism village development model in five tourist villages in super priority destinations in Indonesia
Section: Articles Categories: Sociology and Community Development Keywords: tourism village, tourism village development, sustainable tourism, super priority destination, sustainable development goals The development of Super Priority Destinations (DSP) is a form of embodiment of the National Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPPARNAS) for 2010 - 2025. During the COVID-19 pandemic, President Jokowi directed the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy to focus on developing 5 DSPs first, consisting of Tourism Villages in Lake Toba (North Sumatra), Borobudur (Central Java), Mandalika (West Nusa Tenggara), Labuan Bajo (East Nusa Tenggara), and Likupang (North Sulawesi). The development of 5 DSPs was carried out as a pilot project in the tourism village development program, which the village believes is the spearhead of development, so that one of the indicators of development success is realized from the prosperity of residents in the village. The development of tourist villages is carried out continuously. This study aims to determine the advantages and weaknesses of the sustainable tourism village development program in 5 advanced tourism villages in DSP in Indonesia by providing input on the appropriate model to be applied to these 5 destinations. The program is carried out by the government to attract tourists to visit, so that it can increase the number of tourists. The research method used in this study is qualitative. The data collection techniques that will be used are observation, interviews, documentation studies, and triangulation. The data analysis technique that will be used is NVIVO 12 Plus software. The technique for presenting the results of data analysis to be used is the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study show that the best model of the five tourist villages in Super Priority Destinations in Indonesia is Waerebo Tourism Village, located in Labuan Bajo (East Nusa Tenggara). Therefore, every manager of a developed tourism village in DSP needs to improve its development model in order to increase the number of achievements based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Waerebo Tourism Village needs to maintain the quality of service that involves the local community, so that tourists who have visited can visit again and invite colleagues and even relatives to visit. The Meat Tourism Village needs to be improved because tourists are crowded only during festivals and International Events. Sade Tourism Village needs to provide traditional house homestays so that tourists who come to visit have a longer time to enjoy the uniqueness of the village. Wanurejo Tourism Village needs to increase collaboration in tourism development in the 9 hamlets that are included in the village area. Bahoi Ecotourism Village needs to carry out continuous promotions to attract tourists to visit.
tourism village, tourism village development, sustainable tourism, super priority destination, sustainable development goals
Rezka Aida Patriasti Seja Purnama Ningsih
Copyright (c) 2025 Rezka Aida Patriasti Seja Purnama Ningsih, I Nyoman Sunarta, I Wayan Suardana, I Nyoman Sukma Arida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Civil protection of personal electronic data in the Emirati legislation
Section: Articles Keywords: civil protection, personal data, digital technology, right to privacy The digital revolution has transformed industries, but privacy protection challenges persist. Countries like the UAE have established legal frameworks for civil liability that balance the benefits of technology with individual rights. However, classification raises issues like contractual breaches, tort liability, and jurisdictional conflicts. Research on civil liability is crucial for ensuring legal certainty and trust. The Protection of Electronic Personal Data is deemed one of the fundamental pillars of digital security in the modern era. It plays an essential role in protecting individuals’ privacy and preventing the misuse of their information for illegal activities, such as fraud and identity theft. Besides, it strengthens the users’ trust in the electronic transactions and supports compliance with local and international laws and regulations related to information security. In fact, its significance extends to protecting community and national security, as data leaks might threaten stability or be used to manipulate public opinion. Therefore, securing data is a basic requirement for achieving safe digital transformation and ensuring that individuals and communities can benefit from electronic services efficiently and with confidence. The current research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of “Civil Protection of Electronic Personal Data” by examining the national and international legal frameworks that regulate this field, in addition to analyzing the forms of civil liability that would result from violating such data, whether contractual or tortious, along with the resulting legal consequences. Moreover, it seeks to highlight the essential role of this protection in safeguarding the right to privacy, which is fundamental to human dignity, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the available judicial mechanisms that enable individuals to claim compensation for damages resulting from electronic attacks. Finally, this research aims to formulate legislative and practical solutions and proposals to strengthen the civil protection system and enhance individuals' and institutions' awareness of the importance of safeguarding personal data in the digital environment. The legal protection of electronic personal data under UAE Law is considered a pioneering step toward enhancing national security and preserving individual privacy. Federal Law No. 34 of 2021 reflects the state's commitment to keeping pace with technological developments and to addressing risks to personal data. In this study, we have concluded the following key findings and recommendations. Personal Data Protection Law No. (45) of 2021 is an essential step on the right path towards the economic development of the United Arab Emirates in general, and the digital economy and e-commerce in particular. Personal data refers to any information related to identified individuals or those who can be identified through it, such as name, address, national number, and others. Exposing electronic personal data poses risks, necessitating individual awareness and improved security measures. UAE Law penalties deter violations, promote compliance, and raise awareness. Violations of privacy laws result in criminal penalties and civil liability. Victims have the right to request cessation and compensation.
civil protection, personal data, digital technology, right to privacy
Abdulla Rashed Ali Bin Shahein Alhefeiti
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulla Rashed Ali Bin Shahein Alhefeiti, Saif Khamis Mohammed Marzooq Aldahmani, Alyaa Ali Khameis Rashed Alyammahi, Saadah Saif Saeed Ahmed Alzeyoudi, Ahood Abdulla Mohamed Shaml Alraeesi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Epistemology of maslahah and its implementation in gender-related Qur’anic verses: Insights from a bibliometric review (2015–2025)
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Sociology and Community Development Keywords: Maslahah, Islamic law, gender, bibliometric analysis, Qur’anic epistemology Research on maslahah, Islamic law, and gender has expanded significantly between 2015 and 2025, driven by strong scholarly collaboration and citation networks. Yet, studies specifically addressing the intersection of maslahah and gender from a Qur’anic perspective remain limited, leaving a gap in both academic and legal discourse. This study aims to map the intellectual landscape of gender research in Islamic law and to highlight the role of maslahah and maqasid as epistemological tools for reinterpreting gender-related Qur’anic verses. The research employed the SALSA framework (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis) using the Scopus database. Bibliometric techniques were applied to analyze publication trends, geographical distribution, collaboration networks, and thematic concentrations within the field. The findings show that SAMARAH is the most productive journal, publishing 65 articles with 435 citations, while EL-USRAH and AL-IHKAM demonstrate high impact despite fewer outputs. Affiliation analysis highlights the central role of Islamic universities in Indonesia and Malaysia—particularly UIN Ar-Raniry, IIUM, and Universiti Malaya—positioning Southeast Asia as the hub of scholarship on gender and Islamic law. Thematically, debates remain concentrated on family issues such as inheritance and marriage, while research explicitly integrating maslahah with gender perspectives remains underdeveloped. These results imply the necessity of strengthening Qur’anic epistemology-based studies that integrate maslahah into contemporary gender and legal debates. Doing so can enrich scholarly discourse and provide alternative frameworks for addressing questions of gender equality in both national legal systems and global contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zakiyatul Fitriyah, Wifayatul Amani, Ernawati , Mutamimah, Sofi Faiqotul Hikmah, Mildanti, Bunga Ifatun Nisa, Yara Laela, Muhammad Labib , Julhelmi Erlanda, Darlis , Asep Muksin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The development of a computational thinking model for KRG EFL learners
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: computer-mediated communication, computational thinking, pedagogical issues, teaching/learning strategies Computational thinking (CT) has become widely recognized as a critical skill for all learners, and there is growing interest in fostering CT as early as the comprehensive school level. Despite this recognition, there remains limited consensus on how CT skills should be measured in diverse educational contexts. This study adapts dimensions of CT identified in the existing literature and develops a scale to assess the computational thinking skills (CTS) of KRG EFL learners. The instrument, a five-point Likert scale with 29 items across five components, was administered to 450 undergraduate and associate degree students. Using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, item distinctiveness studies, and reliability analyses, the scale was shown to be both valid and reliable for measuring CT among this population. Findings indicate that the instrument provides a trustworthy means to evaluate students’ CT abilities and offers a basis for further pedagogical research and practice.
computer-mediated communication, computational thinking, pedagogical issues, teaching/learning strategies
Copyright (c) 2025 Zubair Hamad Muhi, Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo, Reza Rezvani, Mohammad Saber Khaganinejad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Linguistic sustainability: A tripartite analysis of eco-translation's impact on environmental governance, food security, and water sanitation across selected SDGs
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: climate action, eco-translation, ecology, food security, sustainability The United Nations Agenda for 2030 encounters a significant challenge as primarily ecological terms are available only in English, French, and Spanish. This creates a language gap that excludes rural and indigenous communities who speak other languages —including those in Arabic-speaking countries—, preventing them from fully understanding, engaging with, and implementing the sustainable development goals. Therefore, the present study not only aims to analyse critically the translations of the ecological terms from English to Arabic but also it employs an Eco-Translation framework to analyse how linguistic mediation directly impacts the efficacy of policies and practices related to environmental sustainability and basic human needs. The study adopts a qualitative case study approach through which it analyses the translations from English into Arabic to terms focused on SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), as it addresses how the translation/mistranslation of technical, legal and community-based texts affects outcomes in environmental conservation, food security and public health. The findings aim to establish a robust argument for integrating professional translation and localization into the core strategy of international development initiatives.
climate action, eco-translation, ecology, food security, sustainability
Copyright (c) 2025 Turky Alshaikhi, Aayesha Sagir Khan, Abdelrauof Meqbel Alharahsheh, Sayed M. Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Hedges in political discourse: An elusive strategic technique
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism This paper explores the phenomenon of hedging in political discourse as a deliberate linguistic strategy that enables politicians to balance assertiveness with caution, conviction with diplomacy, and truth claims with flexibility. Drawing on Hyland’s (1996) functional taxonomy, the study analyzes hedging devices in the 2012 U.S. presidential debates between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney. The research aims to identify the dominant types and pragmatic functions of hedging devices used by both candidates, demonstrating how these linguistic markers contribute to persuasion and credibility management. The study adopts a descriptive qualitative method supported by simple quantitative frequency counts to classify four primary categories of hedges: modal auxiliaries, subjectivization, approximators, and compound forms. The findings reveal that modal auxiliaries such as may, might, can, and should and subjectivization expressions such as I think and I believe were the most frequently employed, reflecting each candidate’s attempt to appear confident yet reasonable. Obama’s discourse displayed a higher frequency of hedging, suggesting rhetorical caution and inclusiveness, while Romney’s was more direct and assertive. The study concludes that hedging in political debate is not a sign of linguistic weakness but a sophisticated rhetorical mechanism that enhances credibility, softens conflict, and maintains politeness within the dynamics of political communication. The paper contributes to discourse analysis by revealing how hedging serves as both a cognitive and strategic resource in constructing persuasive and ethically conscious political speech.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ismail Almazaidah, Sana'a AlMarayat, Ola Alkayid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The use of artificial intelligence tools in data journalism: A content analysis of 7iber and ARIJ platforms
Section: Articles Categories: Digital Humanities Keywords: artificial intelligence, data journalism, AI tools, content analysis, 7iber, ARIJ, digital media, news platforms, media and technology This study aims to conduct a content analysis of journalistic materials published by 7iber and ARIJ between 2022 and 2025, focusing on the extent to which artificial intelligence tools are used in data journalism. Addressing a research gap in Arab media contexts, the study adopts a qualitative content analysis methodology, utilizing a structured coding framework with categories including AI tool type, data type, presentation format, interactivity level, editorial purpose, and depth of data use. A purposive sample of ten articles (five from each platform) was selected based on relevance to data journalism and AI application. The results reveal that the most commonly used tools were text generation and data analytics, while more advanced tools—such as predictive modeling or interactive visualizations—remained underutilized. Most articles were presented in text-only formats and demonstrated low interactivity, indicating a gap between available technological capabilities and actual editorial implementation. Nevertheless, the limited interactivity found in this study remains a clear shortcoming, and aligns with prior critiques that AI tools are often underutilized in enabling immersive user experiences. The primary editorial purposes were found to be awareness, education, and investigation, and the most frequent level of data use was explanatory, rather than deep analytical engagement —with a majority of articles employing explanatory or descriptive approaches—suggest that AI is mainly supporting simplified storytelling rather than uncovering complex causal relationships or conducting exploratory analysis.
artificial intelligence, data journalism, AI tools, content analysis, 7iber, ARIJ, digital media, news platforms, media and technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramez Abuhasirah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The role of artificial intelligence in generating Arabic neologisms: A study of gaming localization
Section: Articles Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism, Sociology and Community Development, Digital Humanities Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), lexical semantics, neologism, word formation process This study examines the use of Arabic neologisms in the Arab gaming community. It analyzes Personal Computer (PC) and console games such as Fortnite, Call of Duty, and Minecraft to shed light on the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It focuses on introducing, promoting, and determining Arabized neologisms in gaming terminology. The study shows the nature and size of this linguistic transformation, as well as the types of word-formation processes which contribute to it. The data for this research were collected from two sources: (1) the responses of 400 school and university (undergraduate and postgraduate) students to a limited set of questions. (2) live and interactive conversational exchange with the gaming community. The study shows that gamers use these neologisms for practicality and convenience, accuracy and relevance, trendiness and internationalization, and the lack of equivalence in the Arabic language system. Further, the following processes, which mark the integration of neologisms into the Arabic language system, are identified namely, loan blends, syntactic changes, morpho-syntactic changes, phonemic changes, abbreviations, and clipping. This study aims to provide an understanding of how contemporary language, particularly in the AI gaming community, is modified and to serve as a template for future research.
artificial intelligence (AI), lexical semantics, neologism, word formation process
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Dina Mahmoud Hammouri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The structure of Indonesian mimetic process: A natural semantic metalanguage analysis
Section: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: mimetic, natural semantic metalanguage, process verbs, semantic structure This research aims to describe Indonesian mimetic process, and its original meaning. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through listening and recording techniques. The findings obtained from this research are that Indonesian mimetic process verbs refer to the universal lexicon of word roots: HAPPEN and DO. The semantic structure of Indonesian mimetic process verbs has 1) event subtypes with event sub-subtypes (ups ‘keliru/mistaken’, nahhhh ‘setuju/agree’, cling... ‘menjadi bagus/be good’, deru ‘air yang meluap/water overflowing’, huuu ‘membuat api membesar/make the fire bigger’, sstt... ‘rahasia/secret’, gemoy ‘menggemaskan/adorable’, ohhh ‘menghibur diri/amuse yourself’) event subtype with bodily process subtypes (nyam nyam ‘kenyang/full’, brrr...brrr ‘sakit/pain’, wk wk `tertawa sinis/cynical laugh', zzzz ‘bermimpi/dream’, nih ‘kesal/annoyed’); 2) non-agentive movement subtype (cring ‘mendapat gaji buta/got a blind salary’). Indonesian mimetic process verbs ups ‘keliru/mistaken’, deru 'air yang meluap/water overflowing', huuu ‘membuat api membesar/make the fire grow’ have purposive factors and no desirability. Indonesian mimetic process verbs nahhhh ‘setuju/agree’, cling ‘menjadi bagus/be good’, sttt ‘rahasia/secret’, gemoy 'menggemaskan/adorable‘, ohhh 'menghibur diri/entertain yourself’, nyam-nyam ‘kenyang/full’, wkwk 'tertawa sinis/laugh sarcastically', zzzz ‘bermimpi/dream’, cring ‘mendapat gaji buta/get a blind salary’ have purposive factors and no desire. The Indonesian mimetic process verb brrr...brrr ‘sakit/pain’ has no purposive factor and desire.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Ayu Nurhidayati, Mulyadi, T. Thyrhaya Zein, Dardanila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Narrative structure patterns in selected children’s book on disabilities
Section: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Categories: Literature, Linguistics & Criticism Keywords: book, children, disability, narrative structure Narrative is one the genres that has unique structure distinguishing it from other genres. This study attempts to investigate the narrative structure patterns in selected children's books on disabilities. This research employed a qualitative approach utilizing content analysis. Qualitative procedures were employed to identify the structures of narrative texts. The data were in the form of text selected from 4 (four) children's books on disabilities. The reason for choosing those books was based on specific criteria namely the diversity of disabilities represented, the popularity of the books, and their availability in Indonesia. The analysis was done by categorizing the generic structures of each text. Referring to the analysis, out of the four texts analyzed, only text number 2 does not include a coda in its structure. Although a coda is not always present in all narrative texts, it is often used as a closing part to provide a reflection or moral message from the story. At this stage, the writer can convey lessons that can be learned from the narrative or story itself. Moreover, it also serves to reaffirm the main message of the story and provide a more holistic conclusion of the story.
book, children, disability, narrative structure
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yusuf, T. Thyrhaya Zein, Nurlela, Fikry Prastya Syahputra, Rafizah Mohd Rawian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0