An empirical study of Kirkpatrick's evaluation model and perceived competence in hospitality practice: Evidence from undergraduate hospitality students in Kenya
Keywords:
Kirkpatrick’s model, perceived competence, hospitality practice, experiential learningAbstract
The study aimed at examining the effectiveness of Kirkpatrick’s four levels on undergraduate hospitality students’ perceived competence in hospitality practice. It adopted the concurrent mixed methods design and targeted final year undergraduate hospitality students in Kenyan Universities offering hospitality management. A total of 204 students completed questionnaires. In addition, 12 heads of departments and lecturers were interviewed. Data were analyzed using descriptive, thematic and inferential approaches. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test the effects of Kirkpatrick’s model’s four levels on perceived competency. The study revealed that both the students and lecturers were satisfied with activities evaluating students at each level. The inferential analysis results confirmed that evaluation of reaction and evaluation of results had positive and significant effects on perceived competence in hospitality practice. Evaluation of behaviour had a negative and significant effect, while evaluation of learning had no significant effect on perceived competence in hospitality practice. It was concluded that each level of the Kirkpatrick’s model had a unique role to play in evaluation. However, future studies should seek to use experimental approaches to replicate the findings.
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