Nutritional Contents and Medicinal Potential of Dillenia indica: A Review
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Dillenia indica, commonly known as Elephant apple, is widely used in treating various ailments traditionally in the North-east India. Dillenia indica is used in the treatment of diseases like fever, diabetes, diarrhoea, food poisoning, etc. The studies done on this under-utilized suggest that the plant has various medicinal uses pertaining to its high content of antioxidants and phenols. Comprehensive and relevant literature on the health benefits of the under-exploited plant, Dillenia indica was gathered through electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and certain books, without limiting the dates of publication. Traditionally, the different parts of the plant have various curing properties like cancer, wound healing, diabetes, diarrhoea, bone fracture, in cut and burns, abdominal pains etc. Based on the phytochemical investigations, Dillenia indica has been reported to contain active constituents like betulin, betulinic acid, dillenetin, dipoloic acid, myricetin, quercetin derivatives etc. Different prepared extracts of the plant and its parts have been reported to contain wide range of flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolics, saponins and fixed oil which may exert varied pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and many more. The present review aims at providing relevant information about the health benefits of Dillenia indica.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Abbey, L., & Timpo, G. M. (1999). Production and utilization of indigenous leafy vegetables: a proposal intervention model for Savannah zones of Ghana. Technical Note, Department of Horticulture, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
Abdille, M. H., Singh, R. P., Jayaprakasha, G. K., & Jena, B. S. (2005). Antioxidant activity of the extracts from Dillenia indica fruits. Food chemistry, 90(4), 891-896.
Alam, M. B., Chowdhury, N. S., Mazumder, M. E. H., & Haque, M. E. (2011). Antimicrobial and toxicity study of different fractions of Dillenia indica Linn. bark extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(4), 860.
Anisuzzaman, M., Rahman, A. H. M. M., Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Naderuzzaman, A. T. M., & Islam, A. K. M. R. (2007). An ethnobotanical study of Madhupur,
Aswal, B. S., Bhakuni, D. S., Goel, A. K., Kar, K., Mehrotra, B. N., & Mukherjee, K. C. (1984). Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part X. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 22(6), 312-332.
Bate-Smith, E. C., & Harborne, J. B. (1971). Differences in flavonoid content between fresh and herbarium leaf tissue in Dillenia. Phytochemistry, 10(5), 1055-1058.
Boparai, A., Niazi, J., Bajwa, N., & Singh, P.A. (2016). A REVIEW UPDATE ON DILLENIA INDICA F. ELONGATA (MIQ.) MIQ. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 6(2), 62-70.
BORDOLOI, B., & DAS, S. (2019). Preliminary phytochemical screening and to evaluate anti-oxidant property on root extract of Dillenia indica (elephant apple). Int J Curr Pharm Res, 11(4), 128-133.
Bose, U., Gunasekaran, K., Bala, V., & Rahman, A. A. (2010). Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Dillenia indica Linn. leaves. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 5(5), 222-228.
Dickison, W. C. (1979). note on the wood anatomy of Dillenia (Dilleniaceae). IAWA bulletin-International Association of Wood Anatomists. New Series.
Dubey, P. C., Sikarwar, R. L. S., Khanna, K. K., & Tiwari, A. P. (2009). Ethnobotany of Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. in Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Fu, C., Yang, D., Peh, W. Y. E., Lai, S., Feng, X., & Yang, H. (2015). Structure and antioxidant activities of proanthocyanidins from elephant apple (Dillenia indica Linn.). Journal of food science, 80(10), C2191-C2199.
Fulda, S., Friesen, C., Los, M. J., Benedict, M., Nunez, G., Peter, M. E., & Debatin, K. M. (1997). CD95 (APO-1/Fas)-and p53-independent apoptosis by betulinic acid involves mitochondrial alterations and activation of caspases. Blood, 90(10), 2207-2207.
Fulda, S., Friesen, C., Los, M., Scaffidi, C., Mier, W., Benedict, M., ... & Debatin, K. M. (1997). Betulinic acid triggers CD95 (APO-1/Fas)-and p53-independent apoptosis via activation of caspases in neuroectodermal tumors. Cancer research, 57(21), 4956-4964.
Gadewar, M. (2017). Antidiabetic Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Dillenia indica, Solanum indicum and Solanum torvum from North East Region of India (Doctoral dissertation).
Gogoi, B. J., Tsering, J., & Goswami, B. C. (2012). Antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of Dillenia indica L. fruit of Sonitpur, Assam, India. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, 3(12), 4909.
Haque, M. E., Islam, M. N., Hossain, M., Mohamad, A. U., Karim, M. F., & Rahman, M. A. (2008). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Dillenia pentagyna. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(1), 103-105.
Jaiswal, S., Mansa, N., Prasad, M. P., Jena, B. S., & Negi, P. S. (2014). Antibacterial and antimutagenic activities of Dillenia indica extracts. Food Bioscience, 5, 47-53.
Janick, J., Paull, R.E. 2008. The Encyclopaedia of fruits and nuts. CABI Publishing Series. Pp.321-322
Kamboj, P., Talukdar, N. C., & Banerjee, S. K. (2019). Therapeutic Benefit of Dillenia indica in Diabetes and Its Associated Complications. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2019.
Kerrigan, R. A., Craven, L. A. & Dunlop, C. R. (2011). Flora of the Darwin region.
Khan, M. A., Ahamad, T., Saquib, M., Hussain, M. K., & Khan, M. F. (2019). Unmodified household coffee maker assisted extraction and purification of anticancer agents from Dillenia indica fruits. Natural product research, 1-4.
Khan, S., Bhowmik, A., Rhaman, S. B., Gan, S. H., & Rokeya, B. (2019). Dillenia indica fruit extract has Glucose and Cholesterol Lowering effects. bioRxiv, 804815.
Khanum, A., Khan, I., and Ali, A. 2007. Ethnomedicine and Human Welfare, Ukaaz Publications 4: 52.
Khare, C. P. (2008). Indian medicinal plants: an illustrated dictionary. Springer Science & Business Media.
Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (1918). Dillenia indica Linn., Indian medicinal plants, Plates-24.
Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (1984). Indian Medicinal Plants, 1-4.
Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (1999). Indian Medicinal Plants, 52-54.
Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Prakash, O. (2011). Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Dillenia indica extract in diabetic rats. Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao= Journal of Chinese integrative medicine, 9(5), 570-574.
Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Prakash, O. (2011). Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica (L.) leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 4(5), 347-352.
Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Prakash, O. (2011). Microscopical evaluation and physiochemical analysis of Dillenia indica leaf. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 337-40.
Lahkar, M., Thakuria, B., & Pathak, P. (2011). A study of the anxiolyticlike activity of Dillenia indica Linn. leaves in experimental models of anxietyin mice. Internet J Pharmacol, 9(2).
Manosroi, A., Saowakon, S., & Manosroi, J. (2008). Anti-proliferation activities of Thai Lanna medicinal plant recipes in cancer cell lines by SRB assay. Journal of Thai Traditional& AlternativeMedicine, 6(2): Supplement.
Metcalfe, C. R., & Chalk, L. (1983). Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.
Muhit, M. A., Tareq, S. M., Apu, A. S., Basak, D., & Islam, M. S. (2010). Isolation and identification of compounds from the leaf extract of Dillenia indica Linn. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 13(1), 49-53.
Mukherjee, K. S., & Badruddoza, S. (1981). CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENTS OF DILLENIA-INDICA LINN AND VITEX-NEGUNDO LINN. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58(1), 97-98.
Nadkarni, K.M. and Nadkarni, A.K. (1954). Dillenia indica Linn. and Dillenia pentagyna. The Indian Materia Medica. Bombay, 448-449.
Panda, H. (2009). Dillenia indica. Handbook on Medicinal Herbs with uses, 279.
Pradhan, B. K., & Badola, H. K. (2008). Ethnomedicinal plant use by Lepcha tribe of Dzongu valley, bordering Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, in north Sikkim, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 4(1), 22.
Rashid, M. A., Parvin, M. N., Rahman, M. S., & Islam, M. S. (2009). Chemical and biological investigations of Dillenia indica Linn. ||| Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology|||, 4(2), 122-125.
Rastogi, R. P., & Mehrotra, B. N. (1990). Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. Central Drug Research Institute.
Sailaja, B., Srilakshmi, S., Vardhani, C. S., & Sravya, T. S. (2016). Isolation and evaluation of seed coat constituents of moringa oleifera. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 6(1), 1-6.
Sarker, S., Seraj, S., Sattar, M. M., Haq, W. M., Chowdhury, M. H., Ahmad, I., ... & Rahmatullah, M. (2011). Medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitioners of six villages in Thakurgaon district, Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 332-344.
Shah, G. L. (1978). Dillenia indica and Dillenia pentagyna. Flora of Gujarat, 49, 214.
Sharma, H. K., Chhangte, L., & Dolui, A. K. (2001). Traditional medicinal plants in Mizoram, India. Fitoterapia, 72(2), 146-161.
Sharma, U. K., & Pegu, S. (2011). Ethnobotany of religious and supernatural beliefs of the Mising tribes of Assam with special reference to the'Dobur Uie'. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 7(1), 16.
Shome, U., Khanna, R. K., & Sharma, H. P. (1979). Pharmacognostic studies onDillenia indica Linn. I. leaf. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Section B. Part 2, Plant Sciences, 88(1), 35-48.
Shome, U., Khanna, R. K., & Sharma, H. P. (1980). Pharmacognostic studies of Dillenia indica Linn. II—Fruit and seed. Proceedings: Plant Sciences, 89(2), 91-104.
Singh, P. A., Brindavanam, N. B., Kimothi, G. P., & Aeri, V. (2016). Evaluation of in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Dillenia indica f. elongata (Miq.) Miq. and Shorea robusta stem bark extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 6(1), 75-81.
Srivastava, B. K., & Pande, C. S. (1981). Chemical examination of bark of Dillenia indica. Acta Cienc Indica, 7(1-4), 170-174.
Talukdar, A., Talukdar, N., Deka, S., & Sahariah, B. J. (2012). Dillenia indica (OUTENGA) as Anti-diabetic herb found in Assam: A REVIEW. International Journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 3(8), 2482.
Theo, A., Masebe, T., Suzuki, Y., Kikuchi, H., Wada, S., Obi, C. L., ... & Hattori, T. (2009). Peltophorum africanum, a traditional South African medicinal plant, contains an anti HIV-1 constituent, betulinic acid. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 217(2), 93-99.
Uppalapati, L., & Rao, J. T. (1980). Antimicrobial efficiency of fixed oil and unsaponifiable matter of Dillenia indica Linn. Indian Drugs Pharm Ind, 15(3), 35-38.
Yeshwante, S. B., Juvekar, A. R., Nagmoti, D. M., Wankhede, S. S., Shah, A. S., Pimprikar, R. B., & Saindane, D. S. (2009). Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts of Dillenia indica L. leaves. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 1(1), 63.
Yeshwante, S. B., Juvekar, A. R., Pimprikar, R. B., Kakade, R. T., Tabrej, M., Kale, M. K., & Firke, S. D. (2009). Anti-diarrheal activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Dillenia indica L. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, 1(3), 140-142.