Controlling implant shape remotely: 4D printed materials for improved health and medical applications
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop 4D printed materials for biomedical applications. 4D printed materials are materials which can change shape over time and on-demand upon exposure to external stimuli (i.e., heat, humidity, light, etc.). Here, a simple cytocompatible material is presented which can change shape in a controllable way when heated to body temperatures (37 °C), retain that shape at room temperature, and then change into its original shape when heated again to 37 °C. As an in vitro proof of concept for the promise of 4D printed materials, this present in vitro study examined stem cell delivery to treat neurological diseases (such as Parkinson’s disease). Specifically, this material was seeded with model neurons (PC-12 cells), underwent a shape change from a flat shape suitable for cell culture to a tubular shape suitable for cell delivery and back to a flat shape showing no change in PC-12 cell number or neurite extensions per neuron, thus, demonstrating its suitability as a novel stem cell delivery device. This is in contrast to conventional cell delivery techniques which can significantly decrease cell viability by up to 70% due to the use of harsh enzymes (such as trypsin) needed to lift cells from flat tissue culture polystyrene to an injectable form. Although requiring more study, such 4D printed materials can also be used to straighten the spine of scoliosis patients, close aging weakened sphincters to treat acid reflux, and for the on-demand increase in pressure to regenerate intervertebral disk tissue for spinal applications, among many other applications.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This open-access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
How to Cite
References
Hann, S. Y.; Cui, H.; Nowicki, M.; Zhang, L. G., 4D printing soft robotics for biomedical applications. Additive Manufacturing, 36, 101567 (2020).
Ahmed, A.; Arya, S.; Gupta, V.; Furukawa, H.; Khosla, A., 4D printing: Fundamentals, materials, applications and challenges. Polymer, 228, 123926 (2021).
Karimi, M. T.; Rabczuk, T., Scoliosis conservative treatment: A review of literature. Journal of Craniovertebral Junction & Spine, 9 (1), 3 (2018).
Kendall, K. A.; Leonard, R. J., Videofluoroscopic upper esophageal sphincter function in elderly dysphagic patients. The Laryngoscope, 112 (2), 332-337 (2002).
Handa, T.; Ishihara, H.; Ohshima, H.; Osada, R.; Tsuji, H.; Obata, K. i., Effects of hydrostatic pressure on matrix synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase production in the human lumbar intervertebral disc. Spine, 22 (10), 1085-1091 (1997).
Steele, A. N.; MacArthur, J. W.; Woo, Y. J., Stem cell therapy: healing or hype? Why stem cell delivery doesn’t work. Circulation Research, 120 (12), 1868-1870 (2017).
Rana, A. Q.; Kabir, A.; Jesudasan, M.; Siddiqui, I.; Khondker, S., Pain in Parkinson's disease: analysis and literature review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 115 (11), 2313-2317 (2013).
Levine, C. B.; Fahrbach, K. R.; Siderowf, A. D.; Estok, R. P.; Ludensky, V. M.; Ross, S. D., Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of the literature. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment (Summary), (57), 1-4 (2003).
Robert, C.; Wilson, C.; Lipton, R.; Arreto, C.-D., Parkinson's disease: evolution of the scientific literature from 1983 to 2017 by countries and journals. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 61, 10-18 (2019).
Sun, W.; Incitti, T.; Migliaresi, C.; Quattrone, A.; Casarosa, S.; Motta, A., Viability and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells encapsulated in silk fibroin hydrogel functionalized with an IKVAV peptide. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 11 (5), 1532-1541 (2017).
Miao, S.; Castro, N.; Nowicki, M.; Xia, L.; Cui, H.; Zhou, X.; Zhu, W.; Lee, S.-j.; Sarkar, K.; Vozzi, G., 4D printing of polymeric materials for tissue and organ regeneration. Materials Today, 20 (10), 577-591 (2017).
Zandi, N.; Sani, E. S.; Mostafavi, E.; Ibrahim, D. M.; Saleh, B.; Shokrgozar, M. A.; Tamjid, E.; Weiss, P. S.; Simchi, A.; Annabi, N., Nanoengineered shear-thinning and bioprintable hydrogel as a versatile platform for biomedical applications. Biomaterials, 267, 120476 (2021).
Mostafavi, A.; Abudula, T.; Russell, C. S.; Mostafavi, E.; Williams, T. J.; Salah, N.; Alshahrie, A.; Harris, S.; Basri, S. M. M.; Mishra, Y. K.; Webster, T. J.; Memic, A.; Tamayol, A., In situ printing of scaffolds for reconstruction of bone defects. Acta Biomater, 127, 313-326 (2021).
Mansoori-Kermani, A.; Khalighi, S.; Akbarzadeh, I.; Niavol, F. R.; Motasadizadeh, H.; Mahdieh, A.; Jahed, V.; Abdinezhad, M.; Rahbariasr, N.; Hosseini, M., Engineered hyaluronic acid-decorated niosomal nanoparticles for controlled and targeted delivery of epirubicin to treat breast cancer. Materials Today Bio, 16, 100349 (2022).
Karimifard, S.; Rezaei, N.; Jamshidifar, E.; Moradi Falah Langeroodi, S.; Abdihaji, M.; Mansouri, A.; Hosseini, M.; Ahmadkhani, N.; Rahmati, Z.; Heydari, M., pH-responsive chitosan-adorned niosome nanocarriers for co-delivery of drugs for breast cancer therapy. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 5 (7), 8811-8825 (2022).
Ibrahim, D. M., Ehsan Shirzaei Sani, Alaa M. Soliman, Nooshin Zandi, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ahmed M. Youssef, Nageh K. Allam, and Nasim Annabi, Bioactive and elastic nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties for bone tissue regeneration. ACS Applied Bio Materials, 3 (5), 3313-3325 (2020).
Cui, H.; Miao, S.; Esworthy, T.; Lee, S.-j.; Zhou, X.; Hann, S. Y.; Webster, T. J.; Harris, B. T.; Zhang, L. G., A novel near-infrared light responsive 4D printed nanoarchitecture with dynamically and remotely controllable transformation. Nano Research, 12 (6), 1381-1388 (2019).
Chen, Y.; Song, S.; Yan, Z.; Fenniri, H.; Webster, T. J., Self-assembled rosette nanotubes encapsulate and slowly release dexamethasone. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 6, 1035 (2011).
Song, S.; Chen, Y.; Yan, Z.; Fenniri, H.; Webster, T. J., Self-assembled rosette nanotubes for incorporating hydrophobic drugs in physiological environments. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 6, 101 (2011).
Sun, L.; Zhang, L.; Hemraz, U. D.; Fenniri, H.; Webster, T. J., Bioactive rosette nanotube–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites improve osteoblast functions. Tissue Engineering Part A, 18 (17-18), 1741-1750 (2012).
Meng, X.; Stout, D. A.; Sun, L.; Beingessner, R. L.; Fenniri, H.; Webster, T. J., Novel injectable biomimetic hydrogels with carbon nanofibers and self assembled rosette nanotubes for myocardial applications. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 101 (4), 1095-1102 (2013).
Sun, L.; Li, D.; Hemraz, U. D.; Fenniri, H.; Webster, T. J., Self‐assembled rosette nanotubes and poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels promote skin cell functions. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 102 (10), 3446-3451 (2014).
Mi, G.; Sun, L.; Alsbaiee, A.; Hemraz, U.; Cho, J.; Fenniri, H.; Webster, T.J., Functionalized rosette nanotubes as a bone regenerative and anti-microbial agent, Tissue Engineering Part A, S306-S306 (2015).
Webster, T. J., & Mostafavi, E. (2022). 4D printed materials for improved health and medical applications (YouTube video). Retrieved from https://youtu.be/50xT01gkS5U