Research Journal in Advanced Social Sciences
Part of Royallite Global, Research Journal in Advanced Social Sciences publishes peer-reviewed research in all areas of social and human sciences. It encourages interdisciplinary research, fosters an environment for cross disciplinary research connections and also accepts a range of article types including reviews, short communications and replication studies. Through hybrid open access publishing model, it aims at bringing research and knowledge to the widest possible audience.
This open-access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC-SA) license. You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions: You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Policing Illicit Drugs in Nigeria: The Role of NGOs and Community on the Frontline
The purpose of this research is to examine the role played by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and communities in combating illicit drug activities highlighting their contributions to the broader drug control strategy in Nigeria. Despite extensive government efforts, the prevalence of illicit drug use and trafficking remains a significant challenge. This study explores the impact of NGOs and community-based initiatives on drug prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and advocacy. Through qualitative analysis, the research reveals the successes, challenges, and potential of these non-governmental efforts. The findings suggest that a more integrated approach, involving collaboration between NGOs, communities, and government agencies, could enhance the effectiveness of drug control in Nigeria. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening these partnerships to create a more sustainable and comprehensive response to the drug problem.
Policing, NGO, Drug, abuse, communities, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2025 THOMAS Uduo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Anthropogenic Bush fires and environmental degradation in Makindu Sub-County, Makueni County Kenya
Anthropogenic fires are common in rural Africa as the indigenous people use fire to modify the environment for their survival. Although human caused fire burning occurs as a significant traditional natural resource management practice and manifest a variety of ecological advantages, human initiated fires are viewed by conservation authorities as destructible and a cause for environmental degradation. The study gains local perception from the local respondents of Makindu Sub County, Kenya near Chyulu Hills National Park on the cause of bush fires and their impact on environmental degradation. The study was carried between October to January 2022 on various focused questionnaires, interview schedules, group discussions and observations were conducted among gender balanced respondents. The study findings recorded ten reasons why they use fires justifying its use as a land management tool and most conspicuously acting as a catalyst of environmental degradation in the study area. The study used descriptive research design to determine the causes of human induced bush fires and their recommends the use of adaptive collaborative management (ACM) where religious institutions, non-profit making organizations. Government agencies like the NEMA, KWS and the local residents promote opportunities for shares learning are viewed as critical towards a better and a sustainable environmental conservation in Makindu Sub County, Kenya
Anthropogenic bush fires, Environmental Degradation, resource management, sustainable, land management, ecological
Copyright (c) 2024 Peter Maithya Mbuthi, Julius W. Mbithi, Alex N. Kamwaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Intersectional vulnerabilities: Examining the impact of gender, age, and employment on gender-based violence during COVID-19
In the initial quarter of 2020, when the world entered a lockdown to curb the spread of Covid-19, cases of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) surged significantly. In Kenya, there was a documented increase of 36% in GBV incidents in 2020, highlighting a connection between the Covid-19 pandemic and the upswing in GBV occurrences (Ministry of Public Service and Gender, 2021). However, the notable rise in reported gender-based violence cases during the Covid-19 pandemic necessitates deeper exploration, particularly regarding how gender, age, and employment status combined to create vulnerabilities, leading to the occurrence or worsening of GBV. This study examined the impact of gender, age and employment status on Gender based violence during Covid-19 pandemic. The study was guided by intersectionality theory, which explains how gender, age and employment status. The study also adopted intersectionality theory, which explains the intersectionality of victim experiences and interventions. The study used a mixed-method research design, which gave it the advantage of using both quantitative and qualitative research to answer the research questions comprehensively. Kakamega Central Sub-County in Kakamega County served as the research site due to its diverse population and its high number of registered GBV cases during the pandemic. The sample size for this study was 270 GBV victims selected based on Taro Yamane's sample determination formula. The target sample size of key informants was 27. Quantitative data was analyzed using cross-tabulation and summary statistics, while qualitative data was analyzed thematically using content analysis. Intersectionality was evident in the experience of GBV among victims based on gender (indicated by 93.70% of GBV victims), age (75.70%), and employment status (74.40%). As a result, the study recommendations emphasize the importance of: Enhancing resilience among vulnerable groups; Allocating additional resources to GBV response teams; Adopting an intersectionality lens to address diverse victim experiences; and, developing tailored intervention measures responsive to individual needs. The study's conclusions will inform policy evaluation and address the knowledge gap identified so as to refocus efforts to address the intersectionality factors that contribute to GBV in pandemics like Covid-19.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jacob Kipkoech Meli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessing the effectiveness of reporting procedures in controlling child defilement in Kitutu Central Sub County, Kisii County, Kenya
Child defilement is a significant social development and health issue in Kenya, with at least 32% of females and 18% of males experiencing defilement during their childhood. Health facility data indicates a higher number of children in need of defilement management services. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of reporting procedures in controlling child defilement in Kitutu central sub-county, Kisii County, Kenya. The target population consisted of 485 respondents, including court officers, area chiefs, assistant chiefs, police officers, local elders, and child program health officers. A sample of 98 (20%) was drawn from the target population. The study used questionnaires and interview guides to collect primary data, while document analysis was used to collect secondary data. The validity of the instruments was determined through expert judgment by supervisors from the faculty of Art and Social Sciences at Kisii University. The quantitative data was keyed into SPSS version 22, and Pearson's t-test was used to analyze the extent of relationship between variables. The study found that child defilement cases were on an upward trajectory in Kitutu central sub-county, with most victims being defiled. The defilement cases were mostly reported to the offices of area chiefs, assistant chiefs, and police stations. The administrators may have lacked the know-how, resources, or were easily compromised, making it difficult to investigate each case. There is no proper channel for reporting
Reporting procedure, child defilement, child sexual abuse, sexual violence
Copyright (c) 2023 Fannys Kwamboka, George Nyandoro, Jeanne Mogusu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of Interactive Communication and System Management Training Continuity on performance of tea firms in Nandi County, Kenya
Training on ISO 22000:2018(E) and organizational performance are closely linked. Yet, smallholder tea farmers in Nandi County still face challenges regarding quality. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of continuous training of ISO 22000:2018(E) certification on performance. This paper examines two variables from the stud, namely interactive communication training continuity and system management training continuity, and how they impact organizational performance. The study used cross-sectional study design and targeted 2988 employees out of which 353 were sampled through proportionate random sampling technique. Primary data and questionnaires were used. Validity was ensured through expert judgement. Reliability test through Cronbach’s test yielded a coefficient of more than 0.7. Data was analysed using stepwise multiple linear regression. The study discovered that continuous training of ISO 22000-2018(E) explained 99.9% (R2=0.999) variation of performance. Specifically, interactive communication training had an insignificant effect on performance (β =-.034, p=0.842). The study concluded that system management training continuity and system management training continuity have some roles to play in organizational performance of tea firms. It was thus recommended that the tea firms should ensure that interactive communication training continuity is enhanced to improve the organizational performance. Further, tea firms should also ensure that system management training continuity is enhanced within the tea firms and across the value chain.
Interactive Communication Training Continuity, Performance, Tea Firms
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal Manager https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Influence of political environment on county integrated development plan policy implementation in Kericho County Government
This study sought to examine the influence of environmental capacity on implementation of County Integrated Development Plans of Kericho County Government. The study was anchored on the resource-based view, new public management theory and game theory. The target population of the study was 74 County Executive Committee members, County secretary, Chief Officers, Ward administrators, Sub-County administrators, Departmental finance officers from 10 departments and Project managers working in the county government of Kericho. A census approach was used to collect data due to the small size of the target population. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires and data was also sourced from relevant documents on implementation of the County Integrated Development Plans. The study found that the political, economic, and technological environment had a positive statistically significant influence on implementing County Integrated Development Plans of the Kericho County Government. To improve effectiveness and efficiency, the county government should pass legislation to curtail governance malpractices, adopt emerging technologies to enhance revenue collection, source financial resources from international development partners, and improve technology usage in service delivery to improve efficiency and citizen satisfaction. The findings will be of importance to policymakers and implementers for efficient policy implementation, the county governments, and academicians and scholars for reference and for carrying out studies on the related area.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sharon Chepngeti’ch Mibey, Wycliffe Nyachoti Otiso, George Nyandoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploration of the psychosocial wellbeing aspect of vulnerable populations at risk in Kakuma Refugee Camp
The refugee experience is characterized by exposure in one's country of origin to numerous traumatic incidents during migration and daily stressors after settlement in the camps as a result of natural disasters, wars and persecution on the basis of their race, religion, political beliefs and social identity, who cannot rely on their country of origin to protect them. Although numerous studies on deaths, illnesses and physical traumas resulting from wars and disasters have been performed, there are scanty longitudinal studies on how psychosocial issues influence refugees' mental health and the problem-specific interventions used to address mental ill health. The prevalence of mental illnesses among refugees keeps increasing in spite existing psychiatric treatment approaches used to resolve the particular concerns associated with mental health. The general objective of the study was to exploration of the psychosocial wellbeing aspect of vulnerable populations at risk in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana County, Kenya.
Copyright (c) 2022 Aisha Zainab Harun, Angela Maiyo, Sum Tecla Jerotich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Post COVID-19 education strategies: Envisaging learning in a post COVID-19 pandemic world
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, learning has metamorphosed rapidly as never envisaged before. Accordingly, lessons learnt as a result of the pandemic will influence and shape the future of learning and assessment as the pandemic has brought about a unique opportunity to actualise changes in the education sub-sector that had hitherto been proposed but never really implemented until the pandemic struck, catching the vast majority of educational systems unawares. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic led to worldwide closure of institutions of learning, leaving educators and learners’ to undertake learning in completely different modes, situations and locations. Consequently, remote learning was offered without much preparation and in some cases, without prior digital experience. This article, thus, explores education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors attempt to envisage education in a post COVID-19 world in light of the changes made as the pandemic raged. It is, thus, hoped that education and assessment post COVID-19 will be enhanced by the lessons learnt during the pandemic and will remain global, innovative, digital, student centred, personalised and practical.
COVID-19, education, impact, pandemic, post-pandemic, post-COVID-19
Copyright (c) 2022 Josephine Oranga, Audrey Matere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Potential socio-economic challenges facing small-scale sugarcane production in Bungoma County, Kenya
The sugar industry is an important agricultural sector in Kenya. In 1995, the industry had employed over 35,000 workers and supported over 2 million people in the region. The sector contributes about 16% to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product. Despite of its immense contribution, its output is on decline, standing at 65 tonnes from 100 tonnes per hectare. This paper investigated socio-economic factors affecting sugarcane production in Bungoma County. The study is based on the Production Theory and Correlation Design. The targeted population was 5,838 small scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County. The coefficient of determination indicated 67.5% variance in sugarcane output relating to the socio-economic factors of the study variables. The F value was 161.406 indicating that the regression model was fitting well. The mean variance of inflation factor (VIF) was 2.349. The study revealed that education level, farm size, land ownership, farming experience, incentives, record keeping systems, extension education, cane by-products and non-contracted cane farming had significant positive effect on cane output. Input cost was found to be a major contributor of declining cane output. The study recommends that poor cane pricing, lack of extension education and inadequate financing in the sugar sector be addressed.
Bungoma County, socio-economic challenges, small-scale cane growers, sugarcane production
Copyright (c) 2022 Protas Fwamba Khaemba, Philomena W. Muiruri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examining the challenges faced by head teachers on Social Justice Education in Dagoretti South Sub-County primary schools
This study sought to examine challenges of social justice education (SJE) among primary school head teachers in Dagoretti South Sub-county. Consequently, the study sought to understand how head teachers translate these challenges to meaningful decisions. The study adopted a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. A target population of 132 schools (113 private and 19 public) was considered. A purposive sampling, through key informant sampling method was employed and 12 participants were selected based on specific school variables of interest to the study. Data was collected using interviews after which it was coded, analysed and summarized in themes with the aid of MAXQDA 2020 software. The findings showed that primary school head teachers faced a myriad of challenges related to SJE. Though they addressed the emerging issues, they showed elements of insufficiency due to the complexities compounded in the matter. There is no direct, simple and clear panacea to SJE challenges. Eliminating SJE issues is an ongoing struggle that requires joint efforts of many stakeholders. The authors recommend education stakeholders to adopt a collective SJE solution bargain that will provide lasting solutions to the problem. Further, the authors recommend a longitudinal study to explore the factors that contribute to the achievement of SJE in schools.
education, leadership, head teachers, social justice, socio-economic challenges
Copyright (c) 2022 Neddy Mundia Nanjowe, Rosemary W. Mbogo, Niceta W. Ireri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examining the role of counsellors on eating disorders in Ghana
This study aimed at analysing effects of eating disorder associated with humankind, with close reference to Atebubu as the case study. The study further examined the counsellors’ roles to mitigate these effects. The study adopted qualitative design because the focus was not only to compare the frequencies but also simple percentages. The analysis took into consideration fifty (50) respondents as the population sample with a balanced gender distribution of twenty-five (25) women and twenty-five (25) males. The purposive sampling technique was employed to elicit essential information for the investigation. Unstructured interviews and observation were the data collection instruments. It was identified that counsellors as agents of change in human lives should effectively counsel their clients on eating disorders. It was also discovered that, eating disorders dragged many individuals into health-related diseases and eventually, disowned their lives. Finally, it was realized that the effects of eating disorders brought about complicated diseases and life-threatening issues. Since life is essential commodity, this study recommend that populace should know when, where and what to eat to ensure good health. It was very insightful for this study to empower individuals to realize the awareness of the effects of eating disorders and its repercussion thereof.
consecutive menstrual period, disorders, episodes, night-eating, normalization, orientations, self-induced, syndrome
Copyright (c) 2022 Adu Joseph https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention of hotel employees
Employees’ happiness is important for retaining hotel staff because of the nature of their long working hours. Grounded in the Fredrick motivational theory. The survey aimed to ascertain the association between “job satisfaction and turnover intention” in hotel operational staff in the Accra metropolitan area. Using the factor analysis data techniques, four main underlying factors including “pay, supervision, promotion as well as training and advancement” were found to have explained hotel employees’ job happiness in the Accra metropolis. The correlation analysis demonstrated a negative association between job satisfaction and the intentions for turnover. The recommendation to managers is that this situation can be address by paying hotel worker with good salaries/wages as their reward whilst creating opportunities for promotion.
Copyright (c) 2022 Mildred Nuong Deri, Neethiahnanthan Ari Ragavan, Perpetual Zaazie, Augustine Niber https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessing the contributions and quality of various food crops harvested by household on food security in Ugenya Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya
Demand for food and other agricultural products is projected to increase driven by population growth, increasing per capita incomes and changes in diets. Small scale food crop production in Kenya account for about 70 percent of the overall production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of food crop farming on household food security in Ugenya sub-county, Siaya County, Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive research design, a target population of 2608 who include subsistence food crop farmers and experts from department of agriculture from which a sample size of 264 participants was selected. Questionnaires, and interview guide and direct observation were used to collect data. The data obtained from the questionnaire was edited, sorted and coded prior to analysis. The data was keyed into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis. Frequency and percentages was used to present data that required descriptive statistics. Regression analysis was used to analyze the extent of relationship between variables while data obtained through interviews was presented based on relevant themes. The study findings established that most of the farmers plant various kinds of food crops especially for household consumption this food crops included; maize, beans, sorghum, millet cassavas, potatoes and others.
crop, food security, household, undernourishment, Ugenya
Copyright (c) 2022 Evans Owen Odinga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evaluating the effects of disciplinary cases among students in colleges of education in Ghana: A case of St Terasa’s College of Education
It is impossible to overstate the value of discipline in human institutions and societies. The achievement of institutional objectives is made possible only through the maintenance of order. Discipline violations in our schools are becoming increasingly common in Ghana. It appears that order is progressively giving way to chaos. Student indiscipline has taken over as the norm in their classrooms. In schools and in the media, horrific incidents such as open confrontations, the destruction of school property and the personal property of students, profanity, drug abuse, examination malpractices, stealing, defiance of school rules and regulations, and other forms of defiance are reported daily. Almost every P.T.A. meeting has had this as the main topic of discussion. It has become a source of concern for many individuals, and everyone is perplexed as to why this is the case. As a result, this study investigated acts of indiscipline committed by students at St. Teresa's College of Education in Hohoe. The study sought to investigate the effects of indiscipline among students of St Teresa’s college education in the Hohoe municipality. An appropriate sample size of first, second, and third-year students, as well as college tutors, was selected from a total population of 469 students and teachers at St. Teresa's College of Education to accomplish this. This study employed a descriptive survey as the research design. The questionnaire was used to elicit responses from students and tutors. The study concluded that maintaining school discipline requires students to follow school rules and regulations once they are made available to them. To avoid indiscipline and student riots, it was suggested that the college administration not only involve students in decision-making, but also obtain consensus with students on allowance deductions.
effects, indiscipline, students, St Teresa’s College of Education, tutors
Copyright (c) 2022 Mary Dogbe, Samuel Kwabla Segbefia, Theresa Domobalah Chireh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examining the challenges experienced by trainee teachers in use of transitional devices to achieve cohesion in writing in St. Francis and St. Teresa’s Colleges of Education, Ghana
Transitional devices are crucial in achieving cohesion inwritten communication. This study was conducted to investigate the challenges trainee teachers experience with using these transitional devices to achieve cohesion in writing in St. Francis and St. Teresa’s Colleges of Education. The study used thematic analyses to examine data collected from two hundred and forty trainee teachers and eleven tutors from the two colleges using essays and semi-structured interviews. Sampling was done using simple random sampling and purposive technique to select the trainees and census sampling for the lecturers. The findings showed that the trainee teachers have problems with the use of transitional devices because they misplace the transitions, omit the transitions in certain instances, use nonstandard forms of the devices, wrongly spell the devices, and use them incorrectly in terms of grammar.
challenges, cohesion, trainee teachers, transitional devises
Copyright (c) 2022 Ebenezer Giddi, Samuel Bruce Kpeglo, Juliana Fosu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examining the factors that affect women in land accessibility amongst Talensi of Northern Ghana
Agricultural production provides a source of income for millions of families throughout Africa. Women, who constitute the majority and are the poorest in Africa, and particularly those in Talensi in Ghana, are engaged in farming and make significant contributions to agricultural production. Whether or not women have access to land will determine their contributions to the agricultural sector and any other sectors of the economic system. This study investigated factors that affect women's access to land in the Talensi community in Northern Ghana, using a qualitative approach that included in-depth interviews and key informant interviews. The findings were presented in a report. A total of 30 participants from the Talensi area were questioned, including chiefs, Tindans, women, and household heads. The findings of the study covered customary practises on property ownership and inheritance, economic considerations, understanding of land rights, and urbanisation in the Talensi area. According to the findings, future land reforms should involve increased engagement with traditional leaders (gate keepers) to rethink the modalities of getting access to and control over property to be successful.
accessibility, land, Talensi, Northern Ghana, women
Copyright (c) 2022 Maxwell Tengolzor Ba–an, Dominic Alimbey Dery, Samuel Kwabla Segbefia, John Stephen Agbenyo, Alberta Kpeleku https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examining the relationship between physical activity and academic performance among primary students at Tumu in the Upper West Region of Ghana
Much research has shown a link between physical activity and students' academic success in school. In recent years, this approach has gained significant traction, particularly in the context of the professional education system. To investigate the association between physical activity and academic achievement in pupils studying in elementary schools, the research team set out to conduct a survey. The purpose of this study is to discover the connections between the two the study's primary objectives was to investigate the association between physical exercise and academic achievement. According to the findings, the study was a cross-sectional study in which 40 students took part. Prior to beginning the investigation, an ethical clearance was obtained. The instruments utilised to acquire data from students were interviews and observation, and the responses supplied by them were then assessed by the researchers. The findings of the study revealed that most students agreed that there was a link between physical exercise and academic achievement, since their test scores were higher than those of students who did not participate in physical activities during their free time. The findings suggest that physical activities can help students focus better on their studies and may even help them achieve academic success.
academic performance, physical activity, relationship, students
Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammed Dimbie, Seyram Kafui Akude, Samuel Kwabla Segbefia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examination of the prevalence of conduct disorder among young Offenders: A case study of Shikusa Borstal Institution, Kenya
Conduct disorder among juvenile offenders is a very critical phenomenon not only in Kenya but also globally. The global prevalence of conduct disorder among children and adolescents is estimated to range from 2 - 10%, indicating the biggest health and social challenge that nations of the world have to confront. The study aimed to examine the prevalence of conduct disorder and its influence among young offenders in Shikusa Borstal Institution. The study employed Psychoanalytic Theory by Sigmund Freud and Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 250, simple random and census sampling methods were applied to select 101 respondents as the sample size. Primary data was gathered through closed-ended questionnaires, interview schedule and focus group discussions. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilized to analyze quantitative data while verbatim accounts were used for qualitative data. The results were presented using tables and figures. The study concluded that the prevalence of conduct disorder had a negative and significant relationship with conduct disorder. The study recommended that policy makes should come up with policies that would improve positive thinking among young people. This would reduce negative attitude of young people that leads to law breaking.
juvenile offender, psychiatric disorder, prevalence, conduct disorder, antisocial behavior, aggression
Copyright (c) 2021 Edward Ngubo Moracha, Michael Mbiriri, Sophia Bironga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessment of the perceptions of tea farmers on the effect of temperature and rainfall variation on tea production in Kisii County
Kisii County’s agricultural systems largely depends on rain-fed conditions which are affected by the weather instabilities that cause climate variability. This has led to fluctuations in diverse crop production and in particular tea yields. The study aimed to assess the perceptions of tea farmers on the effect of temperature and rainfall variation on tea production in Kisii County. The study adopted a correlational research design. The sample size was 400 farmers but only 352 farmers returned duly signed questionnaires. The study targeted small scale tea farmers, Kisii Meteorological Department, and three Kenya Tea Development Agency factories of Kisii County. The study used questionnaires to collect primary data from small scale tea farmers and document analysis was used to collect secondary data. Interview schedules were used to collect data from the field service coordinators who were key informants. Primary data collected from small scale tea farmers included their perception on the effect of temperature and rainfall variability on tea production. Purposive and random sampling were used to choose tea factories and farmers respectively. The findings of the study reveals that the perception of the farmers concerning the effects of temperature is that scanty rainfall reduces tea yields, heavy rainfall causes erosion of top soil and washes away available fertilizer thus affecting tea production, and that frostbites reduce tea yields and production significantly since hailstones destroy the tea leaves and reduces tea yields drastically.
crop production, rainfall pattern, rain-fed, perceptions, temperature variation, tea leaves
Copyright (c) 2021 Norah Moige Nyaiyo, Dennis Mabeya Mamboleo, Daniel Nyantika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Historical development of marketing and its implications to the future of marketing discipline
This paper sought to examine the development of marketing (theory, scholarship and practice) and accounted for that evolution. It also sought to determine the implications that the developments have for the marketing theory, scholarship and practice in future. The paper is based on the empirical analysis of important literature from scholarly articles. From its findings, it is evident that marketing activities are as old as humanity and the development of marketing discipline is gradual having had less attention in early centuries. However; attention to marketing as an important function emerged in the late 19th century. It is also evident that marketing theory borrows a lot from other disciplines and it’s still not clear which topics comprehensively constitute marketing theory. The insights from the analysis bring out the contribution of marketing theory to marketing scholarship and practice. A lot is expected to change in the marketing field owing to globalization, consumer preferences, inventions and innovations in information and communication technology and importance of relationship building. Marketing research is one of the areas that are expected to see significant changes over the years as new approaches emerge.
development, era, evolution, marketing, relationship marketing, trends
Copyright (c) 2021 Osman Wechuli Chesula, Stephen Ntuara Kiriinya, Ann Rintari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Impact of early childhood educators’ pedagogical content knowledge on early graders academic success in the Sissala East Municipal
The study examined the impact of early childhood educators’ pedagogical content knowledge on early graders academic success in the Sissala East Municipal. The target population for the research included all early childhood educators in the Sissala East Municipal in the Upper West Region of Ghana. This research employed multiple sampling techniques, which include: purposive, simple random, criterion sampling and lottery sampling techniques. The researcher selected all early childhood educators using purposive sampling. The total sample for the study was 164 early childhood educators. Self-developed questionnaire, interview guides and observation checklist were used for data collection. The quantitative data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. The study revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that the pedagogical content knowledge of teachers and teachers’ teaching-learning strategies significantly enhanced the performance of students. It is concluded that pedagogical content knowledge of teachers has an impact on learners’ performance. The findings of this study will guide teacher preparation trainers and curriculum designers to correlate their relayed curriculum on how Language and literacy practices are and the extent of their implementation in the classrooms.
Early graders, Academic success, Curriculum designers, Teaching-learning strategies, learners’ performance, Reading techniques
Copyright (c) 2021 Wasila Mahamud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examining the socio-economic effects of teenage pregnancy: A Case study of Manya Krobo Municipality of Ghana
The prevalence of teenage pregnancy has become very common in the Ghanaian society, especially among the youth who are at the primary and junior high school (JHS) level of education. The study assessed the prevalence of teenage pregnancy with the challenges faced by teenage pregnant mothers in the Manya Krobo Municipality of Ghana. It also assessed the effects of teenage pregnancy on the socio-economic development and well-being of the society. The results revealed that societal rejection was the major socio-economic challenge faced by pregnant teenagers. Based on the findings, the study concluded that financial dependence on society and involvement in social vices were the major effects of teenage pregnancy.
early marriages, teenage years, socio-economic development, social vices
Copyright (c) 2020 Nathan Asamoah Agyemang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
From segregation to inclusive education: Examining the environmental adaptations on pupils with disabilities in regular schools within Yilo Krobo Municipality, Ghana
Inclusive education is the adaptation and modification of the learning environment and instructions to promote the academic performance of all learners irrespective of race, class, gender, disability, sexual preference, religion, culture, learning styles, and language. Oppong (2003) explains inclusive education as the adaptation of the school curriculum to make it equally accessible to students with special needs. This means that the school curriculum should suit students with and without disabilities and the school environment should also be made equally accessible to students with special needs. The descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. A quantitative data collection method was used, thus eight Likert scale type questionnaire was designed for the selected primary school teachers in the Yilo Krobo Municipality, Ghana. This study brings to light the challenges faced by pupils with disabilities and further recommends possible measures that could be put in place to improve teaching and learning in regular schools.
academic performance, environmental adaptations, inclusive education, pupils with disabilities, regular schools
Towards reduction of postharvest losses in mushroom farming in Ghana: Methods and strategies
There are about 69,000 known mushroom species of which 2,000 are regarded as edible mushrooms (Chang and Tropics, 1991). Edible mushrooms have been collected and consumed by people for over thousand years ago. Some wild species harvested in Ghana are Termitomyces spp, Volvariella volvacea, Coprinus spp, Cantherellus aurantiacus (Obodai, 2001). Edible mushrooms are good sources of vitamin B2, niacin and foliate, with contents varying in the ranges 1.8 – 5.1, 31 – 65 and 0.30 – 0.64mg/100g dry weight respectively (Mattila et al., 2001). Harvesting is done by twisting the fruiting bodies from the substrate by hand, leaving no bits of stem behind. The survey was conducted between November and December, 2014 to obtain baseline data on farmers’ knowledge on methods of harvesting, postharvest management and ways of reducing postharvest losses of wild mushrooms in the Kpelezo community in the Volta Region of Ghana. Fifty farmers (50) were randomly selected from the community for the survey. From the study, 37% of the farmers suggested that postharvest losses of mushroom can be minimized by digging the soil around the mushrooms before pulling them with hands. 31% of the farmers were of the view that losses can be minimized by handling mushrooms with care and tying them up with threads. 22% of farmers were of the opinion that proper handling of mushrooms after harvesting can reduce losses.
cultivated mushroom, edible mushroom, postharvest, pests, preservation, wild mushroom
Aggressive behaviours on peer social relationship of students with hearing impairment in Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria
This study investigated the aggressive behaviours on peer social relationship of students with hearing impairment. The purpose of the study was to determine the nature of aggression on peer social relationship of students with hearing impairment. A self-structured questionnaire was used to gather relevant data. The sample for the study consisted of one ninety (90) respondents. Three (3) research questions were raised to guide the study. The data collected were analyzed using, simple percentage method, mean and standard deviation. Based on the data generated and results obtained from the data analyzed, the findings revealed that hearing loss can create barriers in communication between children, thus adversely affect the quality and quantity of peer interaction of students with hearing impairment with their peers. The findings of the study also revealed that learners with hearing impairment have lower social status and report more loneliness than do hearing children. The study recommended among others that there was need to address the aggressive behavior among students with hearing impairment at schools levels. The classroom implication of the study was that the school should arrange counseling services for students with and without hearing impairment at school level to provide them psychotherapy for relaxation from aggressive behavior.
Universal Basic Education Act, Awareness, Compliance, School Enrolment
Copyright (c) 2020 Rufus Olanrewaju Adebisi, Doris Gomos Yakubu
A glimpse of a stratagem for endorsing communication skills in the line of engineering for career excellence
Today’s corporate world is increasingly suffered with inexpert manpower as graduate employees lack interpersonal skills which plays an indispensable role in bonding with other professional groups and broader community. Since, employers are now more focused on interpersonal skills rather than Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), it is an irrefutable fact that imparting technical knowledge along with the knowledge of communicative competence in English takes a lion’s share in professional success. But the graduates are not ready to learn personality traits, behavioral changes, official demureness and decency to find a better place in their career. The Expertise in English language will not be present and come gradually. While inculcating English language, objectives and methods taught are mostly enabling the students to rewrite the learned or by hearted information and facts in written form of examination. It is painful to say that oral communication in English, a medium to express feelings and ideas, is not really given practice as the components to facilitate oral communication, although present, are not adequate. This can be achievable only through a proper strategy that is focused on imparting technical knowledge as well as improving effective communication and persuasive skills rather than emphasizing to incorporate a course on communication skills. This paper attempts to highlight such a strategy on communication skills for engineering students.
behavioral changes, communication skills, English language, engineering students, personality traits
Copyright (c) 2020 Kalaiselvi Chidambaram, Divya Mugundhan, Medithe Poornananda Rao
COVID-19: A Blessing or Curse on Affected Countries and its Citizens
The emergence of COVID-19, the deadly global virus brought in its wake, both positive and negative results on the general lives of citizens in the affected countries. While many countries, families and global health organizations strive in their quest daily to completely remove this pandemic, others on the other hand, though scared of the deadly virus, see it as an avenue to make gains. Individuals, private organizations and cooperate bodies have and still utilizing the ugly situation to solve their financial problems through various means. Despite the ban of social gatherings leading to closure of many religious places of worship, many men of God have yielded to online modes to carry their messages across and also get their financial remittances through. This paper seeks to examine the fortunes and misfortunes of COVID-19 in the general life of citizens in affected countries around the world and the impact of this supposed blessing or curse on the economy. Currently, implementation of policies and frameworks that tackle digital production and dissemination of misinformation about disease outbreaks is imperative. Governments that participate in truth-telling are moving faster off hazards than those that distort or hesitate the communication of the message of the disease. Corona virus has differed widely in the capital, capacities, and management / mitigation strategies needed. Good preparedness and responsiveness are also important prerequisites. The most risk-effective strategies for raising pandemic readiness, particularly in resource-constrained environments, comprise of investment in strengthening core global health systems, especially water and sewage systems; growing awareness; and immediately extinguishing pandemic-causing sparks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Alberta Aseye Ama Duhoe, Bernard Akuetey Toffa
The relationship between work-stress, coping strategies and job performance of tutors in college of education in greater Accra and Eastern Regions of Ghana
This study aimed at testing a model of which tutors’ ways of coping with stress are assumed to mediate the relationship between work-stress and job performance. It further investigated whether there were sex, age and work experience differences in perceived work-stress, coping strategies and job performance. The sample for the study consisted of 150 tutors from Colleges of Education in Greater-Accra and Eastern Regions. The methodological inquiry was quantitative research using survey design. The statistical tools employed in the study in analyzing the hypotheses included sample t-test, hierarchical regression, One-Way ANOVA and chi-square. Findings indicated that work-stress influenced job performance, and this depended on coping strategies. Based on these findings, it was recommended that principals of Colleges of Education should provide reasonably comfortable work environment for all tutors, and also to ensure clarity in the roles and responsibilities of the tutors, which in turn would help in coping with the work-stress.
college of education, coping strategies, job performance, tutors, work-stress
Copyright (c) 2020 Gershon Kofi Ladzekpo, Alfred Doh Nukpetsi
COVID-19 Lockdown: A Review of an Alternative to the Traditional Approach to Research
This study aims to offer alternative ways of conducting research in the periods of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic when the traditional research approaches are not feasible. This is crucial as some researchers hold the wrong perception that such difficult times are only fallow periods to focus on their personal and family problems. The study argues that there is the need for researchers to be busy carrying out investigations aimed at finding solutions to the multiplicity of problems faced by global communities as a result of the pandemic. Using desk research and document analysis of secondary data from published articles, the study discusses research approaches, particularly, alternative means of garnering primary and secondary data for investigating the COVID-19 pandemic from different academic disciplines. It posits that telephone and video conferencing interviews, text-based chats and e-surveys are alternative means for collecting primary data while secondary data from published articles and newspaper reports are viable means of generating reliable data for research. These alternative approaches to research would keep researchers busy in finding solutions to the difficult challenges faced during pandemics, the period their services are needed the most.
COVID-19, pandemics, research writing, secondary data, telephone interviews, video
Copyright (c) 2020 Dickson Adom, Mavis Osei, Joe Adu-Agyem