Moksha in the Religious Philosophy of Ancient India: A View from Vietnam
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Abstract
One of the many outstanding themes found in ancient religions of India is the theme of Moksha or liberation. With time, Indian society changed and man’s mental power also improved. The philosophical thought of Liberation first started between the time of the Rig-Veda (from 1500 B.C to 1000 B.C.) and that of Brahmanas (from 1000 B.C to 800 B.C to 500 B.C), was further developed in the principal message of the Upanishads (from 800 B.C to 500 B.C.) and interpreted differently in the various philosophical and religious schools of the time such as Sankhya, Vaisheshika, Nyaya, Yoga, Mimansa, Vedanta (belonging to orthodox Brahminism) or Jainism. This thought, however, reached its highest development in Buddhism (of the unorthodox system). Each of these philosophical and religious schools, together with its teachings and tendencies, represented the voice of each of the various castes in India and presented a course of physical and mental disciplines for attaining liberation.
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